Ultra derecha

Agitación escribió:20 millones de camaradas asesinados por culpa de estos hijos de perra y aun hay gente que se pregunta que por que no toleramos a esta basura.

Yo no soy eslavo, ni caucásico ni de ninguno de los demás pueblos de la antigua URSS, pero para mi han sido como hermanos asesinados, hermanos proletarios que decidieron tomar las riendas de sus vida y contruir el poder obrero para no soportar burgueses y explotadores nunca más. No obstante entendieron el internacionalismo proletario y continuaron hasta derrotar al nazi-fascismo en su propia casa con un enorme sacrificio para que ahora vengan mentes tíbias a tratar binen a esta escoria. No, ellos murieron por nosotros, ahora nos toca devolverles el favor.

Ni que decir el daño que hicieron los fascistas españoles al servicio de la burguesía.

Visigodo. Aquí no eres bienvenido.

visigodo escribió:Hay que ver la de barbaridades que sois capaces de decir por minuto.
"Camaradas", no poneis absolutamente nada de vuestra parte para que haya entendimiento.
Aparte de los insultos, propios de tercermundistas y barriobajeros, me "ahogais" con un aluvión de datos y preguntas retóricas.
¿Para qué me poneis tanto dato? yo os puedo poner al cambio datos que no os van a gustar, y sería el cuento de nunca acabar.
Yo en ideologías y política, he entendido que no tienes que dejar que esas ideologías te posean como un demonio en el cuerpo. En mi caso me dije hace tiempo, que el Nacionalsocialismo no es lo único que hay en el universo. ¿Sois vosotros capaces de ver algo así? ¿Algo más allá del comunismo? Con ese comportamiento tan sectario no creo.
Se ve que el sistema os tiene bien "adoctrinados".
He ahí lo que ha conseguido el mundo de la política, crear dos bandos contrarios. Vosotros y yo, siendo del mismo país y hablando la misma lengua, no tenfríamos porqué ser enemigos. Y de hecho era así hasta finales del siglo XIX. Aparecieron la izquierdas y la democracia y se crearon dos bandos. Pero yo, como Nacionalsocialista soy capaz de verlo, por eso no quiero buscar enemigos done no debería haberlos. ¿Lo entendeis?
Yo estoy intentando poner de mi parte, vosotros no haceis mas que cerrar la puerta y "disparar" antes de preguntar.
Dejad de insultar si sois capaces y preguntar ordenadamente.
Y que sepais que yo no os considero enemigos, los enemigos, nuestros enemigos "son otros".
Saludos.

fernando escribió:[Mira visigodo, nosotros sinceramente preferimos un debate con datos y pura dialéctica que un debate de lenguaje ambiguo..

visigodo escribió:Hay que ver la de barbaridades que sois capaces de decir por minuto.
"Camaradas", no poneis absolutamente nada de vuestra parte para que haya entendimiento.
Aparte de los insultos, propios de tercermundistas y barriobajeros, me "ahogais" con un aluvión de datos y preguntas retóricas.
¿Para qué me poneis tanto dato? yo os puedo poner al cambio datos que no os van a gustar, y sería el cuento de nunca acabar.

visigodo escribió:Yo en ideologías y política, he entendido que no tienes que dejar que esas ideologías te posean como un demonio en el cuerpo. En mi caso me dije hace tiempo, que el Nacionalsocialismo no es lo único que hay en el universo. ¿Sois vosotros capaces de ver algo así? ¿Algo más allá del comunismo? Con ese comportamiento tan sectario no creo.
Se ve que el sistema os tiene bien "adoctrinados".

visigodo escribió:He ahí lo que ha conseguido el mundo de la política, crear dos bandos contrarios. Vosotros y yo, siendo del mismo país y hablando la misma lengua, no tenfríamos porqué ser enemigos. Y de hecho era así hasta finales del siglo XIX. Aparecieron la izquierdas y la democracia y se crearon dos bandos. Pero yo, como Nacionalsocialista soy capaz de verlo, por eso no quiero buscar enemigos done no debería haberlos. ¿Lo entendeis?

visigodo escribió:Yo estoy intentando poner de mi parte, vosotros no haceis mas que cerrar la puerta y "disparar" antes de preguntar.
Dejad de insultar si sois capaces y preguntar ordenadamente.
Y que sepais que yo no os considero enemigos, los enemigos, nuestros enemigos "son otros".
Saludos.

El Generalplan Ost (GPO) fue un plan secreto nazi de genocidio1 y limpieza étnica, concebido para ser realizado en los territorios ocupados por Alemania en Europa del Este durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El plan, preparado en los años 1939-1940, era parte del propio plan de Adolf Hitler de ampliar el Lebensraum alemán y la realización de la ideología del Drang nach Osten a favor de una expansión alemana hacia el este.


El grupo encargado del esbozo de este plan fue la Oficina Central de Seguridad del Reich (Reichssicherheitshauptamt - RSHA), el órgano de seguridad de las SS que era responsable en la lucha contra todos los enemigos del Nazismo. Se trata de un documento estrictamente confidencial y su contenido era conocido solo por aquellos que se encontraban en el más alto nivel de la jerarquía nazi.
Según el testimonio del SS-Standartenführer Dr. Hans Ehlich (uno de los testigos en el caso VIII anterior a los Juicios secundarios de Nürenberg), la versión final fue elaborada en 1940. Como un alto oficial de la RSHA, Ehlich era el responsable de la redacción del Generalplan Ost. Un precedente a este había sido el Ostforshung, una serie de estudios y proyectos de investigación llevados a cabo a lo largo de varios años por centros académicos para proveer la información necesaria. Las versiones preliminares fueron discutidas por el jefe de la SS Heinrich Himmler y sus colegas más confiables, incluso antes del estallido de la guerra. Esta circunstancia fue mencionada por el SS-Obergruppenführer Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski durante su testimonio en el juicio de oficiales de la Oficina Central de Raza y Asentamiento de la SS (SS-Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt).
Casi toda la documentación del tiempo de la guerra sobre el Generalplan Ost fue deliberadamente destruida poco después de la derrota alemana en mayo de 1945.2 Luego, no se encontró ninguna copia del plan después de la guerra entre los documentos guardados en los archivos alemanes. No obstante, el hecho de que tal documento fue creado y usado por oficiales nazis está fuera de duda. Además del testimonio de Ehlich, existen varios documentos que hacen referencia a este plan o lo complementan. Aunque ninguna copia del documento real sobrevivió, muchos de los elementos esenciales del plan han sido reconstruidos a partir de memorandum, resumenes y otros documentos auxiliares.
Un documento principal que hizo posible la recreación del contenido del Generalplan Ost con gran precisión es un memo del 27 de abril de 1942 titulado Stellungnahme und Gedanken zum Generalplan Ost des Reichsführers SS ("Opiniones e ideas referentes al Plan General para el Este, del Reichsführer) y escrito por dr. Erich Wetzel, el director de la Oficina central de consejería sobre las cuestiones de política racial en el Partido Nacionalsocialista Alemán de los Trabajadores.

El canal COF de la TV alemana acaba de emitir un documental que presenta el uso sistemático y organizado que hizo la SS con las esclavas sexuales.

No se trata de hechos aislados sino de un sistema creado por órdenes de la SS y que permitió engrosar la caja de esta organización demencial. Hasta el momento ninguna mujer llevó a cabo acciones legales contra Alemania por el daño sufrido. Para los SS había una contradicción entre el apego a la ideología del cuidado de la pureza de la raza y la necesidad de satisfacer los instintos de los soldados en el frente, en los países conquistados y en los campos de concentración. En las primeras etapas de la guerra los nazis se abstenían de acercarse a las mujeres judías pero rápidamente vencieron sus reservas y las limitaciones de las leyes de Nuremberg. En la retaguardia los acercamientos eran castigados pero en el frente los SS tenían sus reglas. Los nazis trataron a estas mujeres como botín de guerra.
Yan Liban, uno de los sobrevivientes de la Lista de Schindler, recordó en la TV alemana como las SS capturaban mujeres y las llevaban a los prostíbulos. La TV alemana logró ubicar a varias mujeres sometidas por los nazis. Varios testimoniaron de incognito. A los 65 años del fin de la guerra continuan los reportajes y las declaraciones de los victimarios y víctimas.
La prostitución obligada no sólo fue instrumentada por placer cínico de los nazis sino por necesidades económicas y como excusa para estimular el trabajo esclavo en los campos de concentración. En 1942 el directorio de la firma E.G.Farben( Anda, nuestros amigos de la farmaceutica Bayern y otras ), que utilizaba centenas de esclavos, le pidió a los líderes de la SS un permiso para autorizar a los "trabajadores sobresalientes" a que sean "premiados" con asistencia a los burdeles. Himmler aceptó y en cada campamento se erigieron burdeles en lugares reservados. El campo de concentración de mujeres de Ravensbruck sirvió de "fuente de abastecimiento" de mujeres para las SS. Olga Lotar, que llegó al campo como prisionera política, recuerda la selección que se hizo con las mujeres. "Llegaron oficiales de la SS y comenzaron a mirar a las mujeres. Las clasificaban por peso, altura,color de cabello; para diversos gustos. Al principio los nazis engañaron a las mujeres y les decían que si trabajaban 6 meses como prostitutas serían liberadas. Varios creyeron estas promesas pero luego se dieron cuenta de las mentiras. Luego de ser utilizadas las devolvieron desechas a Ravensbruck. Regresaban con el cuerpo roto y los ojos apagados",dice Lotar. "Perdieron todo atisbo de esperanza. Su mundo fue destruido y no tenían voluntad para vivir". Muchas mujeres jamás se atrevieron a contar las humillaciones que sufrieron en los burdeles de las SS. El testimonio dramático de una de las esclavas sexuales en Mathausen echa luz sobre las terribles condiciones: "En las cabañas había pequeñas habitaciones con números. Los hombres antes y después de cada visita se descontaminaban. Cada mujer recibía por día entre 10 a 20 hombres. Los guardianes de las SS nos vigilaban por pequeñas agujeros en las puertas. Los hombres debían pagar a los oficiales que se quedaban con el dinero".
Los nazis llevaban un registro detallado de los "clientes" que visitaban los prostíbulos y de sus ingresos. Cada visita la cobraban en Reichmark.
Otro capítulo develado de la infamia nazi.

A las mujeres seleccionadas, la mayoría con poco más de 20 años, se les cosía un triangulo negro en la manga, que las distinguía como "asociales", se lavaban, se vestían con ropa de calle y recibían comida de la cocina de los alemanes, recibían un trato distinto al de resto de mujeres. Debían trabajar a diario entre las ocho de la tarde y las diez de la noche.


Tras ser utilizadas, se las devolvía a Ravensbruck, donde llegaban hundidas, y donde fueron víctimas de la práctica de abortos y experimentos para investigar sobre enfermedades de transmisión sexual.
La comandancia de los campos ocultaba siempre 2 cosas cuando recibían "visitas oficiales": el crematorio y el burdel.
La existencia de estas instalaciones permaneció oculta después de la guerra.
Las víctimas optaron por callar y renunciaron a pedir indemnizaciones en la Alemania de posguerra, porque no se las consideró trabajadoras forzadas.

Después de la guerra, muchas de estas mujeres tuvieron que vivir con el peso del estigma social que permaneció sobre ellas a pesar de haber sido víctimas de la violencia brutal del sistema nazi.

[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver esa imagen]


Vamos que si estas intentando insinuar por algún casual que aqui cometieron barbaridades todos por igual , o eres un ignorante y no tienes ni idea de lo que hablas en este tema o directamente eres un manipulador.

Las violaciones también se cometieron contra mujeres y adolescentes polacas durante las ejecuciones masivas llevadas a cabo principalmente por el grupo paramilitar Selbstschutz, que acompañaba a los soldados de la Wehrmacht en territorio bajo la administración de los militares alemanes. Estas violaciones se realizaron antes de disparar contra las mujeres cautivas.
Miles de enfermeras y otras trabajadoras sanitarias rusas fueron víctimas de violaciones cuando fueron capturadas durante la guerra y, a menudo, fueron asesinadas después.
La Wehrmacht también dirigía burdeles donde las mujeres eran forzadas a prostituirse. Ruth Seifert escribió que "en los territorios orientales, la Wehrmacht solía marcar a fuego los cuerpos de las partisanas capturadas y también a otras mujeres con las palabras 'Ramera para las tropas de Hitler' y usarlas según lo expresado"

Las violaciones en masa

Las violaciones se les permitía en la práctica por el ejército alemán en el este y sudeste de Europa, mientras que en el norte y el oeste , los países se salvaron[15]. El historiador Datner Szymon escribió en su obra sobre el destino de las prisioneras de guerra tomadas por la Wehrmacht , miles de soviéticos enfermeras, médicos y enfermeros de campo se redujo víctima de violación cuando fue capturado durante la guerra, y había sido a menudo asesinados después.[13] Ruth Seifert en Guerra y Violación. Métodos analíticos escribe: "en los territorios orientales de la Wehrmacht , las mujeres capturadas del partido - y otras mujeres también - se marcaban con las palabras " Puta de las tropas de Hitler "y que los utilicen en consecuencia."[16]

Birgit Beck en su obra Violación: Los juicios militares de los delitos sexuales cometidos por soldados de la Wehrmacht, 1939-1944 describe la indulgencia en el castigo de crímenes sexuales por las autoridades alemanas en el Este, al mismo tiempo señalando penas severas aplicadas en Occidente[17]. Si un soldado que cometió una violación fue condenado posteriormente por una corte marcial, por lo general sería condenado a cuatro años de prisión.[18] El código penal alemán también es válida para los soldados en la guerra.[19]
Sin embargo las violaciones fueron procesados raramente en la práctica , en Dinamarca, donde las violaciones alemanes no fueron generalizadas, a pesar de que los funcionarios alemanes les prometió castigar, esto está lejos de ser el caso[15].

La violación por parte de los alemanes a mujeres no-alemanas no eran tomadas en serio, ni se castiga con la muerte, especialmente en los territorios de Europa del Este[20].

En Rusia Soviética violaciones fueron sólo una preocupación si socava la disciplina militar[17]. El mando militar alemán los veían como otro método para aplastar la resistencia soviética [20] Desde 1941, la violación era teóricamente punible con la pena de muerte, sin embargo esto fue sólo sobre las violaciones de mujeres alemanas y estaba destinada a proteger a las comunidades alemanas[20].
En octubre de 1940 sobre la violación de las leyes han cambiado, por lo que es un "crimen pidió" que es un delito por el que el castigo debía ser solicitada.

El historiador Christian Pablo escribe que esto dio lugar a "una ausencia casi completa de su enjuiciamiento y el castigo de las violaciones"[20];. violación Ellos fueron los casos en el este, donde los autores fueron condenados, si la violación fue muy visible, y perjudicial para la imagen de Alemania Ejército, los tribunales estaban dispuestos a emitir un veredicto que condena contra el acusado[20].
Según el historiador Regina Mühlhäuser Wehrmacht también se utiliza la tortura sexual y desvestirse en numerosos casos de interrogatorios[21]
Las estimaciones sobre las violaciones de mujeres soviéticas por la Wehrmacht alcanzar hasta los 10 millones de los casos, con entre 750.000 y 1.000.000 de niños nacidos como consecuencia de ello.[20][22][23][24]

The document below is, with minor alterations for clarity's sake, the official English-language translation of the original German document as presented in evidence at the Nuremberg military tribunals assembled in order to try suspected war criminals. The original German document is also available. (source: John Mendelsohn, ed., The Holocaust: Selected Documents in Eighteen Volumes. Vol. 10: The Einsatzgruppen or Murder Commandos [New York: Garland, 1982], pp. 11-12])


In this document, Field Marshal Walter von Reichenau (1884-1942) of the German Sixth Army, in the southern sector of the German assault on the Soviet Union, reacts to reports of the softness of his troops by instilling them with particularly strong statements about their role in suppressing communism and Soviet Jewry. Reichenau was known as one of the most strongly Nazi of the leading German Wehrmacht (army) commanders. He died of a stroke only a few months after he issued this document to his troops. Other German commanders in the Soviet Union also used this document to instruct their troops. For further information, see Omer Bartov, Hitler's Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp. 129-30.

Translation of Document No. NOKW-309 Continued Copy AOK 6

Sect. Ia-File No. 7

Army H.Qu., 10 October 1941

Subject: Conduct of Troops in Eastern Territories.

Regarding the conduct of troops towards the bolshevistic system, vague ideas are still prevalent in many cases. The most essential aim of war against the Jewish-bolshevistic system is a complete destruction of their means of power and the elimination of Asiatic influence from the European culture. In this connection the troops are facing tasks which exceed the one-sided routine of soldiering. The soldier in the Eastern territories is not merely a fighter according to the rules of the art of war but also a bearer of ruthless national ideology and the avenger of bestialities which have been inflicted upon German and racially related nations.

Therefore the soldier must have full understanding for the necessity of a severe but just revenge on subhuman Jewry. The Army has to aim at another purpose, i.e. the annihilation of revolts in hinterland, which, as experience proves, have always been caused by Jews.

The combating of the enemy behind the front line is still not being taken seriously enough. Treacherous, cruel partisans and degenerate women are still being made prisoners-of-war and guerilla fighters dressed partly in uniform or plain clothes and vagabonds are still being treated as proper soldiers, and sent to prisoner-of-war camps. In fact, captured Russian officers talk even mockingly about Soviet agents moving openly about the roads and very often eating at German field kitchens. Such an attitude of the troops can only be explained by complete thoughtlessness, so it is now high time for the commanders to clarify the meaning of the pressing struggle.

The feeding of the natives and of prisoners-of-war who are not working for the Armed forces from Army kitchens is an equally misunderstood humanitarian act as is the giving of cigarettes and bread. Things which the people at home can spare under great sacrifices and things which are being bought by the command to the front under great difficulties, should not be given to the enemy by the soldier even if they originate from booty. It is an important part of our supply.

When retreating the Soviets have often set buildings on fire. The troops should be interested in extinguishing of fires only as far as it is necessary to secure sufficient numbers of billets. Otherwise the disappearance of symbols of the former bolshevistic rule even in the form of buildings is part of the struggle of destruction. Neither historic nor artistic considerations are of any importance in the Eastern territories. The command issues the necessary directives for the securing of raw material and plants, essential for war economy. The complete disarming of the civilian population in the rear of the fighting troops is imperative considering the long vulnerable lines of communications. Where possible, captured weapons and ammunition should be stored and guarded. Should this be impossible because of the situation of the battle, the weapons and ammunition will be rendered useless. If isolated partisans are found using firearms in the rear of the army drastic measures are to be taken. These measures will be extended to that part of the male population who were in a position to hinder or report the attacks. The indifference of numerous apparently anti-Soviet elements which originates from a "wait and see" attitude, must give way to a clear decision for active collaboration. If not, no one can complain about being judged and treated a member of the Soviet system.

The fear of German counter-measures must be stronger than threats of the wandering bolshevistic remnants. Regardless of all future political considerations the soldier has to fulfill two tasks:

1.) Complete annihilation of the false Bolshevist doctrine of the Soviet State and its armed forces.

2.) The pitiless extermination of foreign treachery and cruelty and thus the protection of the lives of military personnel in Russia.

This is the only way to fulfill our historic task to liberate the German people once and for all from the Asiatic-Jewish danger.

Commander-in-Chief

(signed) von Reichenau

Field Marshal

El documento a continuación es, con pequeñas alteraciones para mayor claridad, la traducción oficial Inglés-idioma del documento original alemán que se presenta en evidencia en los tribunales de Nuremberg militares reunidos para tratar de presuntos criminales de guerra. El documento original en alemán también está disponible. (Fuente: John Mendelsohn, ed, El Holocausto:. Documentos seleccionados en dieciocho volúmenes Vol. 10:.. Los Einsatzgruppen o asesinato Comandos [Nueva York: Garland, 1982], p. 11-12])


En este documento, el Mariscal de Campo Walter von Reichenau (1884-1942) del Sexto Ejército alemán, en el sector sur del asalto alemán a la Unión Soviética, reacciona a los informes de la suavidad de sus tropas al inculcar con declaraciones fuertes sobre todo su papel en el comunismo y la supresión de los judíos soviéticos. Reichenau era conocido como uno de los más fuertemente nazi de la alemana líder Wehrmacht (ejército) comandantes. Murió de un golpe tan sólo unos meses después de haber emitido este documento a sus tropas. Otros comandantes alemanes en la Unión Soviética también se utiliza este documento para instruir a sus tropas. Para más información, consulte Omer Bartov, el Ejército de Hitler: Los soldados, los nazis, y la guerra en el Tercer Reich (Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp 129-30.

Traducción del documento N º NOKW-309 Copia Continuación AOK 6

Secc. Ia-Expediente N º 7

Ejército H.Qu., 10 de octubre 1941

Asunto: Realización de las tropas en los territorios del Este.

En cuanto a la conducta de las tropas hacia el sistema bolchevique, las ideas vagas aún prevalecen en muchos casos. El objetivo más esencial de la guerra contra el sistema judeo-bolchevique es una destrucción total de sus medios de poder y la eliminación de la influencia asiática de la cultura europea. En este contexto, las tropas se enfrentan a tareas que exceden la rutina de un solo lado de soldados. El soldado en los territorios del Este no es más que un combatiente de acuerdo a las reglas del arte de la guerra, sino también un portador de la ideología nacional implacable y el vengador de bestialidades que se han infligido a las naciones alemanas y relacionados racial.

Por lo tanto el soldado debe tener plena comprensión de la necesidad de una severa pero justa venganza contra los judíos subhumanos. El Ejército tiene que aspirar a otro fin, es decir, la aniquilación de revueltas en el interior del país, que, como demuestra la experiencia, han sido siempre causadas por Judios.

La lucha contra el enemigo detrás de la línea aún no se están tomando suficientemente en serio. partidarios traidores, crueles y mujeres degenerar todavía se están haciendo prisioneros de combatientes de la guerra y la guerrilla vestida en parte, en uniforme o ropa normal y vagabundos siguen siendo tratados como soldados adecuada, y enviados a campos de prisioneros de guerra. De hecho, capturado oficiales rusos hablan incluso burlonamente sobre agentes soviéticos en movimiento abiertamente sobre las carreteras y muchas veces de comer en las cocinas de campo alemán. Esta actitud de las tropas sólo se puede explicar por descuido completo, por lo que ahora es hora de que los comandantes de aclarar el significado de la lucha de prensado.

La alimentación de los nativos y de los prisioneros de guerra que no trabajan para las fuerzas armadas de las cocinas del Ejército es un acto igual de mal entendido humanitaria como es la entrega de los cigarrillos y el pan. Las cosas que la gente en su casa puede ahorrar con grandes sacrificios y cosas que están siendo compradas por la orden de la parte frontal con grandes dificultades, no se debe dar al enemigo por el soldado, incluso si vienen de botín. Es una parte importante de nuestra oferta.

Al retirarse los soviéticos a menudo han establecido los edificios en llamas. Las tropas deben estar interesados en la extinción de los incendios sólo en la medida en que sea necesario para asegurar un número suficiente de billetes. De lo contrario la desaparición de los símbolos del Estado bolchevique ex incluso en la forma de los edificios es parte de la lucha de la destrucción. Ni consideraciones históricas ni artísticas son de alguna importancia en los territorios orientales. El comando cuestiones las directivas necesarias para la obtención de materia prima y plantas, esenciales para la economía de guerra. El completo desarme de la población civil en la parte posterior de las tropas de combate es imprescindible considerar las largas filas vulnerables de las comunicaciones. Siempre que sea posible, las armas capturadas y municiones debe ser almacenado y custodiado. Si esto es imposible debido a la situación de la batalla, las armas y municiones será inútil. Si los partidarios aislados se encuentran utilizando armas de fuego en la retaguardia del ejército medidas drásticas se tomarán. Estas medidas se extenderán a la parte de la población masculina que se encontraban en condiciones de obstaculizar o informe de los ataques. La indiferencia de numerosos elementos aparentemente anti-soviética que se origina en un "esperar y ver" la actitud, debe dar paso a una decisión clara para la colaboración activa. Si no, nadie puede quejarse de ser juzgado y tratado a un miembro del sistema soviético.

El temor de Alemania contra-medidas debe ser más fuerte que las amenazas de los restos errantes bolchevique. Independientemente de toda consideración política del futuro soldado tiene que cumplir dos tareas:

1.) Aniquilación completa de la falsa doctrina bolchevique del Estado soviético y sus fuerzas armadas.

2.) El exterminio despiadado de la traición y la crueldad extranjeros y por lo tanto la protección de la vida del personal militar en Rusia.

Esta es la única manera de cumplir con nuestra tarea histórica de liberar al pueblo alemán una vez por todas del peligro asiáticos y judíos.

Comandante en Jefe

(Firmado) von Reichenau

El mariscal de campo

The Wehrmacht, the Holocaust, and War Crimes
[Please see the note concerning the provenance of files in this presentation]

Order #21 Signed by Keitel Concerning Jurisdiction of Miitary, SS, and Police Forces During Barbarossa, 13 March 1941
Fuhrer Decree on Disciplining of German Troops and Handling of Resistance in District Area "Barbarossa", 13 May 1941
Heydrich Directives Concerning Handling of USSR Prisoners of War, 28 June 1941/July 1941
Hitler's Order of the Day to Troops on the Eastern Front, October 2, 1941
Keitel Order Concerning Ruthless Suppression of Resistance in Occupied USSR, 16 September 1941
The copy reproduced of this document is dated 16 September 1941. The date given in the collation of the list of documents, Vol. 8 of the series, p.816, is 16 December 1941
Statement by the Commissar of Foreign Affairs of the USSR, Molotov, on German Attrocities in Occupied USSR, 1941
Rosenberg Letter to Keitel Concerning Maltreatment of USSR Prisoners of War, 28 February 1942
Combatting Single Parachutists, Keitel Order, 4 August 1942
Fuehrer Order Concerning Handling of Commandos, 18 October 1942
Memorandum by Brautigam Concerning Conditions in Occupied Areas of the USSR 25 October 1942
Kugel Erlass ("Bullet Decree"), 4 March 1944
Decree stipulating that escaped POWs are to be handed over to the SD for handling. They were then sent to Mauthausen Concentration Camp where they were executed.
A Short Historical Consideration of German War Guilt, by Alfred Jodl, 6 September 1945
The Origins of the Directives of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, by Wilhelm Keitel, 15 September 1945
The Position and Powers of the Chief of the OKW, by Wilhelm Keitel, 9 October 1946
Notes by Keitel Concerning Actions of German Armed Forces During the War and in Occupied Territory 19 October 1945
These notes were prepared by Wilhelm Keitel, Chief of the High Command of the German Armed Forces, OKW, for the Chief of Investigation before the Nurnberg Tribunal, Mr. Dodd. They are noteworthy for the accounts advanced to justify those policies classified by the Allied powers as war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Affidavit of Generaloberst Franz Halder 22 November, 1945
This affidavit is of interest in connection with the decisions relating to the Anschluss, the invasions of Czechoslovakia, Poland and France, the approach of the OKW to the neutrality of Belgium and Holland, the reasons for the attack on the USSR, and details concerning the Commissar Order and the handling of USSR POWs.
Affidavit of Otto Ohlendorf, 20 November 1945
Ohlendorf was a senior officer in the RSHA, an early Nazi Party member (1925) and, most importantly, the commander of Einsatzgruppe D, which was one of four special purpose Action Groups charged with the extermination of Jews, Commissars, Partisans and other "undesirable" segments of the USSR populace.
Political Way by Otto Ohlendorf, 20 November 1945
Otto Ohlendorf, commander of Einsatzgruppe D, expounds his views on Fascism and National Socialism:
"These principles advocated, as the foremost goal of National Socialism, to develop the best characteristics of the people and to form them into a community of equality and to furnish the best possible spiritual and moral existence for the individuals of the people."
Testimony of Erwin Lahousen before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, 30 November 1945
Trial of General Von Mackensen and General Maelzer. United Nations War Crimes Commission, 1949
Trial of Albert Kesserling. United Nations War Crimes Commission. 1949
The Dreierwalde Case. Trial of Karl Amberger. United Nations War Crimes Commission, 1947
Trial of Carl Bauer, Ernst Schrameck, Herbert Falten. United Nations War Crimes Commission. 1949
Affidavit of Erwin Lahousen, 21 January 1946
Lahousen served in the Abwehr, the intelligence service of the OKW, between 1938 and 1943. He was one of Canaris' section chiefs and represented him at various conferences with senior OKW officers. His affidavit, provided to investigating officers for the Nuremberg Tribunal of the Major German War Criminals, provides information concerning plans for the destruction of elites in Poland and the killings of Russian POWs, and the attitude of senior OKW officers to them, particularly Keitel and Reinecke. Only those portions of the affidavit relating to policies pursued respecting the populations of occupied countries and war crimes are reproduced here.
German Crimes Against Soviet Prisoners-of-War in Poland. Central Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes in Poland. 1946
Nuremberg Charges
Hans Frank (Governor-General of non-annexed occupied Poland)
Alfred Jodl
Ernst Kaltenbrunner (Chief of the RSHA 1943-1945)
Wilhelm Keitel
Alfred Rosenberg
Artur Seyss-Inquart Part I, Part II, Part III, Part IV
Julius Streicher
The General Staff and High Command of the Armed Forces Part I, Part II, Part III, Part IV, Part V
The SS, Part I, Part II, Part III, Part IV, Part V
The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) Part I, Part II, Part III, Part IV, Part V, Part VI
Nuremberg Judgments
Frank, Goering, Jodl, Kaltenbrunner, Keitel, Rosenberg, Saukel, Streicher
Other Relevant Files
Book Reviews: Warfare, Third Reich
Documents Relating to the Holocaust, War Crimes and Genocide
Occupation Country Policies
Poland
USSR
Occupation Country Policies
USSR
[Please see the note concerning the provenance of files in this presentation]
Order #21 Signed by Keitel Concerning Jurisdiction of Miitary, SS, and Police Forces During Barbarossa, 13 March 1941
Fuhrer Decree on Disciplining of German Troops and Handling of Resistance in District Area "Barbarossa", 13 May 1941
Communication from the Commissar for White Ruthenia, Kube, to Rosenberg, Concerning Appropriation of Cultural Objects by the SS and the Wehrmacht, 29 September 1941
Secret Field Marshal v.Reichenau Order Concerning Conduct of Troops in the Eastern Territories. Dated 10 October, 1941
Correspondence and Report Concerning the Aktion of Police Battalion 11 in Sluzk, 27 October 1941
Molotov's Note on German Atrocities in Occupied Soviet Territory, 7 January 1942
Rosenberg Letter to Keitel Concerning Maltreatment of USSR Prisoners of War, 28 February 1942
Reinecke Order Concerning Treatment of Soviet Prisoners of War, March 24, 1942
A Short Historical Consideration of German War Guilt, by Alfred Jodl, 6 September 1945
Memorandum by Brautigam Concerning Conditions in Occupied Areas of the USSR 25 October 1942
Affidavit of Otto Ohlendorf, 20 November 1945
Ohlendorf was a senior officer in the RSHA, an early Nazi Party member (1925) and, most importantly, the commander of Einsatzgruppe D, which was one of four special purpose Action Groups charged with the extermination of Jews, Commissars, Partisans and other "undesirable" segments of the USSR populace.
Political Way by Otto Ohlendorf, 20 November 1945
Otto Ohlendorf, commander of Einsatzgruppe D, expounds his views on Fascism and National Socialism:
"These principles advocated, as the foremost goal of National Socialism, to develop the best characteristics of the people and to form them into a community of equality and to furnish the best possible spiritual and moral existence for the individuals of the people."
Testimony of Erwin Lahousen before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, 30 November 1945
Affidavit of Erwin Lahousen, 21 January 1946
Lahousen served in the Abwehr, the intelligence service of the OKW, between 1938 and 1943. He was one of Canaris' section chiefs and represented him at various conferences with senior OKW officers. His affidavit, provided to investigating officers for the Nuremberg Tribunal of the Major German War Criminals, provides information concerning plans for the destruction of elites in Poland and the killings of Russian POWs, and the attitude of senior OKW officers to them, particularly Keitel and Reinecke. Only those portions of the affidavit relating to policies pursued respecting the populations of occupied countries and war crimes are reproduced here.
Alfred Rosenberg (Nuremberg Tribunal Charges, 1945)
German Crimes Against Soviet Prisoners-of-War in Poland. Central Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes in Poland. 1946
Nuremberg Charges
The General Staff and High Command of the Armed Forces Part I, Part II, Part III, Part IV, Part V
Order #21Signed By Keitel Concerning Jurisdiction of
Military, SS, and Police Forces During Barbarossa
TOP SECRET
Top Secret
Only thru officer
OKW
Armed Forces Operational Staff
Section L (IV/ Qu)
44125/ 41 Top Secret
Fuehrer Hq, 13 March 1941
5 copies, 4th copy
Subject: Armed Forces Operational Staff/ Section L( I) #33408/ 40. Top Secret. 18 December 1940
Directives for Special Areas to Order #21 (Case Barbarossa)
I. Area of operations and executive power
1. The authorization to issue orders and the regulations regarding supply for an area of operations within the armed forces shall be set up by the High Command of the Armed Forces in East Prussia and in the General Gouvernement at the latest four weeks before operations are started. The proposal by the High Command of the Army (OKH) is being made in time, after an agreement with the Commander of the Luftwaffe (Ob. d. L.) has been reached.
It is not contemplated to declare East Prussia and the General Gouvernement an area of operations. However, in accordance with the unpublished Fuehrer orders from 19 and 21 October 1939, the Supreme Commander of the Army shall be authorized to take all measures necessary for the execution of his military aim and for the safeguarding of the troops. He may transfer his authority onto the Supreme Commander of the Army Groups and Armies. Orders of that kind have priority over all orders issued by civilian agencies.
2. The Russian territory which is to be occupied shall be divided up into individual states with governments of their own, according to special orders, as soon as military operations are concluded. From this the following is inferred:
a. The area of operations, created through the advance of the Army beyond the frontiers of the Reich and the neighboring countries is to be limited in depth as far as possible. The Supreme Commander of the Army has the right to exercise the executive power in this area, and may transfer his authority onto the Supreme Commanders of the Army Groups and Armies.
b. In the area of operations, the Reichsfuehrer SS is, on behalf of the Fuehrer, entrusted with special tasks for the preparation of the political administration, tasks which result from the struggle which has to be carried out between two opposing political systems. Within the realm of these tasks, the Reichsfuehrer SS shall act independently and under his own responsibility. The executive power invested in the Supreme Commander of the Army (OKH) and in agencies determined by him shall not be affected by this. It is the responsibility of the Reichsfuehrer SS that through the execution of his tasks military operations shall not be disturbed. Details shall be arranged directly through the OKH with the Reichsfuehrer SS.
c. As soon as the area of operations has reached sufficient depth, it is to be limited in the rear. The newly occupied territory in the rear of the area of operations is to be given its own political administration. For the present, it is to be divided, according to its genealogic basis and to the positions of the Army Groups, into North (Baltic countries), Center (White Russia) and South (Ukraine). In these territories the political administration is taken care of by Commissioners of the Reich who receive their orders from the Fuehrer.
3. For the execution of all military tasks within the areas under the political administration in the rear of the area of operations, commanding officers who are responsible to the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces (OKW) shall be in command. The commanding officer is the supreme representative of the Armed Forces in the respective areas and the bearer of the military sovereign rights. He has the tasks of a Territorial Commander and the rights of a supreme Army Commander or a Commanding General. In this capacity he is responsible primarily for the following tasks:
a. Close cooperation with the Commissioner of the Reich in order to support him in his political task.
b. Exploitation of the country and securing its economic values for use by German industry (see par. 4).
c. Exploitation of the country for the supply of the troops according to the needs of the OKH.
d. Military security of the whole area, mainly airports, routes of supply and supply-dumps against revolt, sabotage and enemy paratroops.
e. Traffic regulations.
f. Billeting for armed forces, police and organizations, and for PW's inasmuch as they remain in the administrative areas.
The commanding officer has the right, as opposed to the civilian agencies, to issue orders which are necessary for the execution of the military tasks. His orders supersede all others, also those of the commissioners of the Reich.
Service directives, mobilization orders and directives on the distribution of the necessary forces shall be issued separately.
The time for the assumption of command by the commanding officers will be ordered as soon as the military situation shall allow a change in the command without disrupting military operations. Until such time, the agencies set up by the OKH remain in office, operating according to the principles valid for the commanding officers.
4. The Fuehrer has entrusted the uniform direction of the administration of economy in the area of operations and in the territories of political administration to the Reich Marshal who has delegated the Chief of the "Wi Rue Amt" with the execution of the task. Special orders on that will come from the OKW/ Wi Rue Amt.
5. The majority of the Police Forces shall be under the jurisdiction of the Commissioners of the Reich. Requests for the employment of police forces in the area of operations on the part of the OKH are to be made as early as possible to the OKW/ Armed Forces Operational Staff/ Section Defense.
6. The behavior of the troops towards the population and the tasks of the military courts shall be separately regulated, and commanded.
II. Personnel, Supply and Communication Traffic:
7. Special orders shall be issued by the OKW Armed Forces Operational Staff for the measures necessary before the beginning of operations for the restriction of travel, delivery of goods and communications to Russia.
8. As soon as operations begin, the German-Soviet Russian frontier and at a later stage the border at the rear of the area of operations will be closed by the OKH for any and all non-military traffic with the exception of the police organizations to be deployed by the Reichsfuehrer SS on the Fuehrer's orders. Billeting and feeding of these organizations will be taken care of by the OKH-Gen. Qu. who may for this purpose request from the Reichsfuehrer SS the assignment of liaison officers.
The border shall remain closed also for leading personalities of the highest government agencies and agencies of the Party. The OKW/ Armed Forces Operational Staff shall inform the highest government and Party agencies of this fact. The Supreme Commander of the Army and the agencies under him shall decide on exceptions.
Except for the special regulations appIying to the police organizations of the Reichsfuehrer SS, applications for entrance-permits must be submitted to the Supreme Commander of the Army exclusively.
III. Regulations regarding Rumania, Slovakia, Hungary and Finland.
9. The necessary arrangements with these countries shall be made by the OKW, together with the Foreign Office, and according to the wishes of the respective high commands. In case it should become necessary during the course of the operations to grant special rights, applications for this purpose are to be submitted to the OKW.
10. Police measures for the protection of the troops are permitted, independently from the granting of special rights. Further orders in this shall be issued later.
11. Special orders shall be issued at a later date for the territories of these countries, on the following subjects:
Procurement of food and feed.
Housing and machinery.
Purchase and the shipment of merchandise. Procurement of funds and wage-control.
Salaries.
Request for indemnity-payments.
Postal and telegraph services.
Traffic.
Jurisdiction.
Requests of units of the Armed Forces and agencies of the OKW from the respective governments regarding these subjects, are to be submitted to the OKW/ Armed Forces Operational Staff/ Section Defense not later than 27 March 1941.
IV. Directives regarding Sweden.
12. Since Sweden can only become a transient-area for troops, no special authority is to be granted the commander of the German troops. However, he is entitled and compelled to secure the immediate protection of RR-transports against sabotage and attacks.
The Chief of the High Command of the Armed Forces
Signed : KEITEL
Distribution:
OKH-1st copy.
OKM-2nd copy.
R. d. L. u. O. K. L.-3rd copy.
Armed Forces Operational Staff-4th copy.
Section L-5th copy.

Best Regards from Russia,

El Estado Mayor General y el Alto Mando
de las Fuerzas Armadas
Los cargos de Nuremberg
Parte III
Parte I
Parte II
Parte IV
Parte V

(B) Los crímenes de guerra en el Frente Oriental.
El orden de octubre de 1942 en relación con el asesinato de comandos capturados operado principalmente en el teatro occidental de la guerra, contra las tropas de comandos británicos y estadounidenses. Esto era natural ya que Alemania ocupó casi toda la costa occidental de Europa desde 1940 hasta el último año de la guerra, y durante ese período de la lucha contra la tierra en Europa occidental se limitaba en gran medida a las operaciones de comando. El Teatro del Mediterráneo también se presta a este tipo de guerra.
En el Frente Oriental, donde había tierra a gran escala de los combates en Polonia y la Unión Soviética a partir de 1941, las fuerzas alemanas estaban luchando entre una población hostil y tuvo que hacer frente amplia las actividades partidistas detrás de sus líneas. Se demostrará que las actividades de las Fuerzas Armadas alemanas contra los partisanos y otros elementos de la población se convirtió en un vehículo para llevar a cabo las políticas nazis políticos y raciales, y una capa de la masacre despiadada y brutal de Judios y de numerosos segmentos de la eslava población, que fueron considerados por los nazis como indeseable. Era la política de las Fuerzas Armadas alemanas a comportarse con la mayor severidad a la población civil de los territorios ocupados, y llevar a cabo sus operaciones militares, especialmente contra los partisanos, así como para promover estas políticas nazis. Se demostrará que las Fuerzas Armadas Alemanas apoyo, con la asistencia, y ha actuado en colaboración con los grupos de las SS, que fueron acusados, especialmente con las actividades antipartisan. Miembros del Estado Mayor General y el Alto Mando ordenó Grupo, dirigido, animado, y eran plenamente conscientes de estas políticas criminales y las actividades.
No se propone hacer una demostración total o parcial, incluso de crímenes de guerra cometidos por los nazis en el frente oriental, las pruebas de esos delitos han de ser presentado por la delegación soviética. La evidencia sobre las actividades de las SS, SD y la Gestapo se discutirá sólo en la medida necesaria para clarificar las relaciones entre estas organizaciones y las Fuerzas Armadas Alemanas y demostrar su estrecha colaboración en los territorios ocupados de Europa del Este.
Estas políticas de severidad despiadada a la población civil de los territorios orientales ocupados se determinaron sobre y oficiales realizadas en las Fuerzas Armadas alemanas, incluso antes de la invasión de la Unión Soviética llevó a cabo. Una orden de Hitler, de fecha 13 de mayo de 1941, y firmada por Keitel como Jefe del Comando Supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas (C-50) siempre que:
"Orden" En cuanto al ejercicio de la jurisdicción militar y el procedimiento en "Barbarroja" y medidas especiales de carácter militar LA ZONA.
"La aplicación de la ley marcial tiene como objetivo, en primer lugar a mantener la disciplina.
"El hecho de que las áreas de operaciones en el Oriente son tan lejanos, la estrategia de batalla que esto requiere, y las cualidades peculiares del enemigo, frente a los tribunales militares a los problemas que, por ser poco personal, no pueden resolver, mientras que las hostilidades están en curso, y hasta cierto grado de pacificación que se ha logrado en las zonas conquistadas, a menos que la jurisdicción se limita, en primer lugar, su tarea principal.
"Esto sólo es posible si las tropas se tomen medidas implacables contra cualquier amenaza de la población enemiga.
"Por estas razones, la presente edición el siguiente orden efectivo para el" Barbarroja "la zona (zona de operaciones, área trasera del ejército, y el área de la administración política).
"I. El tratamiento de los delitos cometidos por civiles enemigos.
"1. Hasta nuevo aviso los tribunales militares y los tribunales militares, no será competente para los delitos cometidos por civiles enemigos.
"2. Guerrillas deben ser eliminados sin piedad por el mililtary, si están luchando o en vuelo.
"3. Del mismo modo todos los otros ataques de civiles enemigos de las Fuerzas Armadas, sus miembros y empleados, deben ser suprimidos de inmediato por los militares, utilizando los métodos más extremos, hasta que los asaltantes se destruyen.
"4. Cuando esas medidas se han descuidado o no en un primer momento posible, las personas sospechosas de la acción penal serán llevados de inmediato ante un funcionario. Este funcionario decidirá si han de ser fusilados.
"En las órdenes de un oficial de las competencias de al menos un comandante de batallón, medidas colectivas despótico se tomarán sin demora y con localidades de la que la astucia o maliciosos. Ataques se hacen en las Fuerzas Armadas, si las circunstancias no permiten una identificación rápida de los delincuentes.
"5. Queda expresamente prohibido mantener a sospechosos bajo custodia a fin de entregarlos a los tribunales después de que el restablecimiento de los tribunales civiles.
"6. El C-en-C de los Grupos de Ejército, mediante acuerdo con las autoridades navales y comandantes de la Fuerza Aérea reintroducir la jurisdicción militar para los civiles, en las zonas que están lo suficientemente asentado.
"Para el área de este fin de la" Política de Administración "será propuesta por el Jefe del Comando Supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas.
"II. Tratamiento de los delitos cometidos contra los habitantes de los miembros de las Fuerzas Armadas y sus empleados.
"1. Con respecto a los delitos cometidos contra los civiles enemigos por los miembros de la Wehrmacht y su enjuiciamiento empleados no es obligatorio, aun cuando la escritura es, al mismo tiempo un delito militar o delito.
"2. Al juzgar estos delitos, hay que tener en cuenta, independientemente de las circunstancias, que el colapso de Alemania en 1918, los sufrimientos posteriores del pueblo alemán y la lucha contra el Nacional Socialismo, que costó la sangre de innumerables partidarios del movimiento , fueron causadas principalmente por la influencia bolchevique y que ningún alemán se ha olvidado este hecho.
"3. Por lo tanto la autoridad judicial decidirá en estos casos, si una sanción disciplinaria que se indica, o si las medidas legales necesarias. En el caso de los delitos contra los habitantes será para un consejo de guerra sólo si el mantenimiento de la disciplina o la seguridad de las Fuerzas llamada de tal medida. Esto se aplica por ejemplo a los delitos graves de origen en la falta de autocontrol en materia sexual, o en una disposición penal, ya los que indican que las tropas están amenazando con irse de las manos. delitos que se han traducido en sentido destrucción de los billetes o las tiendas u otro material capturado en detrimento de nuestras fuerzas, como norma ser juzgados no menos grave.
"El fin de entablar acción requiere en cada caso la firma de la Autoridad Judicial.
"4. Extrema precaución se indica en la evaluación de la credibilidad de las declaraciones hechas por la población civil del enemigo.
"III. La responsabilidad de los comandantes militares.
"Dentro de su esfera de competencia de los comandantes militares son personalmente responsables de velar por que:
"1. Todo funcionario encargado de las unidades bajo su mando se instruye con prontitud y de la manera más enfática en los principios establecidos en el punto 1.
"2. Sus asesores jurídicos se notificará de inmediato de estas instrucciones y la información verbal en el que las intenciones políticas del Alto Mando se explicaron a C en Cs.
"3. Sólo las sentencias de los tribunales se confirmó que están de acuerdo con las intenciones políticas del Alto Mando.
"IV. Seguridad.
Una vez que el camuflaje se levanta este decreto serán tratados como "Alto Secreto":
"Por fin" Jefe del Mando Supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas
"(Firmado) Keitel" (C-50)
Menos de tres meses después de la invasión de la Unión Soviética, estas instrucciones se amplifica y se hace aún más drástica. Una orden de fecha 16 de septiembre de 1941 y firmada por Keitel, se distribuyó ampliamente (C-148). Esta orden fue de aplicación general en todos los teatros de la guerra, pero era claramente de importancia fundamental para el Frente del Este:
"Asunto: La insurrección comunista en los territorios ocupados.
"1. Desde el comienzo de la campaña contra la Rusia Soviética, los movimientos de insurrección comunista han estallado por todas partes en las zonas ocupadas por Alemania. El tipo de intervención sea cada vez mayor de las medidas de la propaganda y los ataques a los distintos miembros de las Fuerzas Armadas, en abierta rebelión y la guerra de guerrillas generalizada.
"Se puede observar que se trata de un movimiento de masas dirigida por el centro de Moscú, que también es responsable de los incidentes aislados aparentemente triviales en las zonas que hasta ahora han sido de otra manera tranquila.
"En vista de las numerosas crisis políticas y económicas en las zonas ocupadas, debe, por otra parte, se deben prever, que los círculos nacionalistas y otros aprovechar al máximo esta oportunidad de hacer las dificultades de las fuerzas de ocupación alemanas por asociarse a la insurrección comunista .
"Esto crea un peligro creciente para el esfuerzo de guerra alemán, que se manifiesta principalmente en la inseguridad general de las tropas de ocupación, y ya ha llevado a la retirada de las fuerzas a los principales centros de perturbación.
"2. Las medidas adoptadas hasta ahora para tratar con el movimiento de insurrección general han demostrado ser insuficientes. El Führer ha dado órdenes de que se tomen medidas en todas partes con los medios más drásticas con el fin de aplastar el movimiento en el menor tiempo posible.
"Sólo este curso, que tiene, siempre se ha seguido con éxito a lo largo de la historia de la extensión de la influencia de los pueblos grandes, puede restablecer el orden.
"3. Medidas adoptadas en esta materia debe estar en conformidad con las instrucciones generales siguientes:
"A. Debe deducirse, en todos los casos de resistencia a las fuerzas alemanas de ocupación, no importa cuáles sean las circunstancias individuales, que es de origen comunista.
"B. Con el fin de cortar las maquinaciones de raíz, las medidas más drásticas se deben tomar de inmediato en la primera indicación, por lo que la autoridad de las fuerzas de ocupación se puede mantener y, además, impidió la difusión. En este sentido hay que recordar que una vida humana en los países inestables con frecuencia no cuenta para nada y un efecto disuasorio puede ser alcanzado sólo por la gravedad inusual. La pena de muerte para 50 a 100 comunistas en general, debe considerarse en estos casos como expiación adecuada para la vida de un soldado alemán. La forma en que pena se lleva a cabo aún debe aumentar aún más el efecto disuasorio.
"El curso de acción inversa, la de la imposición de sanciones relativamente leves, y de ser contenido, con fines de disuasión, con la amenaza de medidas más severas, no concuerda con estos principios y que no debe seguir."
* * * * * * *
"4. La Mesa al mando en los territorios ocupados procurando que estos principios se dan a conocer sin demora a al1 establecimientos militares interesados en el trato con las medidas de la insurrección comunista."
"[Inicial indescifrable]
"Keitel" (C-148)
Los líderes militares alemanes tomaron, patrocinado, e instruyeron a sus tropas a la práctica las políticas raciales de los nazis. El 10 de octubre 1941 una directiva fue emitida por el Mariscal de Campo von Reichenau, el Comandante en Jefe (Oberbefehlshaber) del 8 º Ejército alemán, que operaban en el frente oriental (E-81). Reichenau (fallecido en 1942) fue por lo tanto un miembro del grupo, y esto es lo que tenía que decir:
"Asunto: Conducta de las tropas en los territorios del Este.
"En cuanto a la conducta de las tropas hacia el sistema bolchevique, las ideas vagas aún prevalecen en muchos casos. El objetivo más esencial de la guerra contra el sistema judeo-bolchevique es una destrucción total de sus medios de poder y la eliminación de la influencia asiática de la europea la cultura. En este sentido las tropas se enfrentan a tareas que exceden la rutina de un solo lado de soldados. El soldado en los territorios del este no es más que un combatiente de acuerdo a las reglas del arte de la guerra, sino también un portador de la ideología nacional y la despiadada vengador de bestialidades que han estado en-flicted en alemán y raciales naciones afines.
"Por lo tanto el soldado debe tener plena comprensión de la necesidad de una severa pero justa venganza contra los judíos subhumanos. El Ejército tiene que aspirar a otro fin, es decir, la aniquilación de revueltas en el interior del país que, como demuestra la experiencia, siempre han sido causados. Por Judios.
"El que no lucha contra la del enemigo detrás de la línea frontal sigue siendo tomado lo suficientemente en serio. Partidarios traicionero, cruel y antinatural mujeres siguen siendo hechos prisioneros de guerra y los combatientes guerrilleros vestidos con uniformes de parte o vestidos de civil y vagabundos siguen siendo tratados como propio soldados, y enviado a campos de prisioneros de guerra. De hecho, capturado oficiales rusos hablan incluso burlonamente sobre agentes soviéticos en movimiento abiertamente sobre las carreteras y muchas veces de comer en las cocinas de campo alemán. Esta actitud de las tropas sólo pueden explicarse por inconsciencia completa, por lo que ahora es hora de que los comandantes de aclarar el significado de la lucha actual.
"La alimentación de los nativos y de los prisioneros de guerra que no trabajan para las Fuerzas Armadas de las cocinas del Ejército es un acto igual de mal entendido humanitaria como es la entrega de los cigarrillos y el pan. Las cosas que la gente en su casa puede ahorrar con grandes sacrificios y las cosas que están siendo llevadas por el Comando de la parte frontal con grandes dificultades, no se debe dar al enemigo por el soldado ni siquiera si proceden de botín. Es una parte importante de nuestra oferta.
"Al retirarse los soviéticos a menudo han establecido los edificios en llamas. Las tropas deben estar interesados en la extinción de los incendios sólo en la medida en que sea necesario para asegurar un número suficiente de billetes. De lo contrario la desaparición de los símbolos del Estado bolchevique ex incluso en la forma de edificios es parte de la lucha de la destrucción. Ni consideraciones históricas ni artísticas son de alguna importancia en los territorios orientales. El comando cuestiones las directivas necesarias para la obtención de materias primas y las plantas, esenciales para la economía de guerra. El completo desarme de la población civil en la parte posterior de las tropas de combate es imprescindible teniendo en cuenta las largas colas y vulnerables de las comunicaciones. En caso de posibles armas, capturado y municiones debe ser almacenado y custodiado. Si esto es imposible debido a la situación de la batalla para las armas y municiones se representará inútil. Si partidarios aislados se encuentran utilizando armas de fuego en la retaguardia del ejército medidas drásticas se tomarán. Estas medidas se extenderán a la parte de la población masculina que se encontraban en condiciones de obstaculizar o informe de los ataques. La indiferencia de muchos al parecer, los elementos anti-soviética que se origina en un "esperar y ver" la actitud, debe dar paso a una decisión clara para la colaboración activa. Si no, nadie puede quejarse de los jueces y que se trató a un miembro del sistema soviético.
"El temor de las contramedidas alemán debe ser más fuerte que las amenazas de los restos errantes bolchevique estar alejado de toda consideración política del futuro del soldado tiene que cumplir dos tareas.:
"1. Cormplete aniquilación de la falsa doctrina bolchevique del Estado soviético y sus fuerzas armadas.
"2. El exterminio despiadado de la traición y la crueldad extranjeros y por lo tanto la protección de la vida del personal militar en Rusia.
"Esta es la única manera de cumplir con nuestra tarea histórica de liberar al pueblo alemán una vez para siempre del peligro de asiáticos y judíos.
"Comandante en Jefe
"(Firmado) von Reichenau
"Mariscal de Campo". (E-81)

Inmediatamente antes de la orden de Reichenau es un memorando, de fecha 28 de octubre de 1941, lo que demuestra que la orden de Reichenau se reunió con la aprobación de Hitler y se distribuyó después por orden del Comandante en Jefe del Ejército Alemán. También es claro que la orden de Reichenau se distribuyó posteriormente hasta el nivel de división, y fue recibido por la 12 ª División de Infantería el 27 de noviembre de 1941. (E-81)
Siendo éstas las directivas y políticas establecidas por los líderes militares alemanes, no es de extrañar que la Wehrmacht se unió en la conducta monstruosa de las SS y SD en el Frente Oriental. Unidades (conocidas como Einsatzgruppen) se formaron por la SIPO y la SD y enviado a operar en y detrás de las áreas de operaciones en el frente oriental, a fin de combatir los partidarios y para "limpiar" y "pacificar" a la población civil.
En una directiva de fecha 19 de marzo de 1943, el oficial al mando de una de estas unidades alabado y justifica las actividades como el tiro de Judios de Hungría, los disparos de los niños, y la quema total de aldeas (3012-PS). El oficial ordenó que con el fin de no obstaculizar el reclutamiento de mano de obra esclava para la industria armamentística alemana ", como una norma de no tener más hijos se rodará" (3012-PS).
Un informe sobre la labor de los Einsatzgruppen en el. Alemania territorios ocupados de la Unión Soviética durante el mes de octubre de 1941 hace caso omiso de todo vestigio de decencia (I-102). Afirma que cínicamente, en las zonas del Báltico,
"Manifestaciones espontáneas contra los judíos seguido de pogromos por parte de la población contra los Judios restantes no se han registrado, a causa de la falta de adoctrinamiento adecuada" (RI 02).
Este informe muestra claramente que la "pacificación" y "actividad anti-partidistas" son simples palabras código para "exterminio de los Judios y los eslavos" tanto como "Weserübung" era una palabra clave para la invasión y el sometimiento de Noruega y Dinamarca.
Fuente: conspiración nazi y agresión. Vol. II. USGPO, Washington, 1946, pp.316-400
[Nota: Las letras entre paréntesis, por ejemplo, (2233-N-PS) se refieren a los números de documento oficial incluido en la serie de la conspiración y la agresión nazi. Una lista de referencias legales y documentos relacionados con el Estado Mayor General y el Alto Mando aparece en las páginas 400-415. Para obtener información sobre la correlación de las fuentes en Internet para ver el capítulo 4 de la SD Stein Aprender, enseñar e investigar en Internet. Addison Wesley Longman 1999-publicado] Nov.1998
Formulario de Presentación de error
El Estado Mayor General y el Alto Mando
de las Fuerzas Armadas
Los cargos de Nuremberg
Parte IV
Parte I
Parte II
Parte III
Parte V
Crímenes de Guerra en el Frente Oriental (Parte II)
Documentos citados anteriormente muestran que el ejército alemán estaba operando bajo políticas similares y directivas. Sólo queda por demostrar que, en estas prácticas, el Ejército y las SS trabajado mano a mano. El informe describe la destrucción del gueto de Varsovia (1061-PS) hace hincapié en la estrecha cooperación entre las SS y el Ejército:
"Cuanto más tiempo duró la resistencia, más difícil a los hombres de las Waffen SS, la policía y se convirtió en Wehrmacht;. Cumplían con su deber sin descanso en camaradería fieles y se puso juntos como modelos y ejemplos de sus soldados a menudo duraban horas de actividad desde la mañana hasta altas horas de la noche. Por la noche, las patrullas de búsqueda con trapos enrolladas alrededor de sus pies se mantuvo en los talones de los Judios y no les dio respiro. No es raro que capturaron y mataron Judios que utilizan las horas nocturnas para complementar sus almacenes abandonados de los refugios subterráneos y para ponerse en contacto con grupos de vecinos o intercambiar noticias con ellos. " (1061-PS)
Para el mismo efecto general es un informe de fecha 5 de junio de 1943 por el alemán Comisario General de Minsk (I-185). Este informe describe una operación anti-partidistas en los que 4500 "enemigos" murieron, 5.000 presuntos guerrilleros murieron, y 59 alemanes fueron asesinados. La cooperación en esta aventura por el ejército alemán se muestra en el siguiente extracto:
"Las cifras mencionadas demuestran, que tenemos que contar con una fuerte destrucción de la población. El hecho de que sólo 492 fusiles fueron encontrados en el enemigo 4.500 muertos, demuestra que los campesinos numerosas del país también se encontraban entre los muertos del enemigo. El batallón Direwanger es particularmente conocido por haber destruido numerosas vidas humanas. Entre los 5.000 sospechosos partidistas que fueron fusilados, son numerosas mujeres y niños.
"Units of the troops [Wehrmannschaften] also took part in the action, by order of SS Lt. General [Obergruppenfuehrer] von dem Bach. SA Colonel [Standartenfuehrer] Kunze led the troops [Wehrmannschaften] , who included also 90 members of my authority and of the district-commissarate Minsk-Stadt. Our men returned yesterday from the action without any losses. I refuse the use of officials and Reich-Employees of the General Commissarate in the rear areas. The men who work for me have not been classified as essential, after all in order to fight the partisans actively in the place of the Armed Forces and the Police.
"Of the troops [ Wehrmannschaften], one railroad employee had been wounded (shot through the lung). The political effect of this large scale action on the peaceful population had been disastrous, because of the numerous executions of women and children. The town BEGOMIE was cleared by the Armed Forces and the Police in December. The population of Begomie was predominantly favorable to us. Begomie, which has been fortified as a strong point by the partisans, has been destroyed by German Air Attacks during the fight ing." (R-135)
The SS Obergruppenfuehrer von dem Bach referred to in this quotation is mentioned in Himmler's speech to a gathering of SS generals at Posen on 4 October 1943 (1919-PS). In this speech Himmler announced the appointment of von dem Bach to be Chief of all anti-partisan units :
"In the meantime I have also set up the department of Chief of the Anti-partisan Units" [Bandenkampf-Verbunde]. Our comrade SS-Obergruppenfuehrer von dem Bach is Chief of the anti-partisan units. I considered it necessary for the Reichsfuehrer SS to be in authoritative command in all these battles, for I am convinced that we are best in a position to take action against this enemy struggle, which is a decidedly political one. Except where the units which had been supplied and which we had formed for this purpose were taken from us to fill in gaps at the front, we have been very successf ul.
"It is notable that, by setting up this department we have gained (p. 58) for the SS in turn a division, a corps, an army, and the next step, which is the High Command of an army or even of a group-if you wish to call it that." (1919-PS)
The report of Einsatzgruppe A, (L-180) covering the period up to 15 October 1941, makes clear beyond doubt the participation of the German military leaders and Armed Forces in these extermination policies :
"Action-Group A, after preparing their vehicles for action, proceeded to their area of concentration as ordered on 23 June 1941, the second day of the campaign in the East. Army Group North consisting of the 16th and 18th Armies and Panzer-Group 4 had left the day before. Our task was to hurriedly establish personal contact with the commanders of the Armies and with the commander of the army of the rear area. It must be stressed from the beginning that cooperation with the Armed Forces was generally good, in some cases, for instance with Panzer-Group 4 under Col. Gen. Hoeppner, it was very close, almost cordial. Misunderstandings which cropped up with some authorities in the first days, were cleared up mainly through personal discussions."
* * * * * * *
"Similarly, native anti-Semitic forces were induced to start pogroms against Jews during the first hours after capture, though this inducement proved to be very difficult. Following out orders, the Security Police was determined to solve the Jewish question with all possible means and most decisively. But it. was desirable that the Security Police should not put in an immediate appearance, at least in the beginning, since the extraordinarily harsh measures were apt to stir even German circles. It had to be shown to the World that the native population itself took the first action by way of natural reaction against the suppression by Jews during several decades and against the terror exercised by the Communists during the preceding period."
* * * * * * *
"After the failure of purely military activities such as the placing of sentries and combing through the newly occupied territories with whole divisions, even the Armed Forces had to look out for new methods. The Action-Group undertook to search for new methods. Soon therefore the Armed Forces adopted the experiences of the Security Police and their methods of combatting the partisans. For details I refer to the numerous reports concerning the struggle against the partisans."
* * * * * * *
"1. Instigation of self-cleansing actions.
"Considering that the population of the Baltic countries had suffered very heavily under the government of Bolshevism and Jewry while they were incorporated in the USSR, it was to be expected that after the liberation from that foreign government, they (i. e., the population themselves) would render harmless most of the enemies left behind after the retreat of the Red Army. It was the duty of the Security Police to set in motion these self-cleansing movements and to direct them into the correct channels in order to accomplish the purpose of the cleansing operations as quickly as possible. It was no less important in view of the future to establish the unshakable and provable fact that the liberated population themselves took the most severe measures against the Bolshevist and Jewish enemy quite on their own, so that the direction by German authorities could not be found out.
"In Lithouania this was achieved for the first time by partisan activities in Kowno. To our surprise it was not easy at first to set in motion an extensive pogrom against Jews. KLIMATIS, the leader of the partisan unit, mentioned above, who was used for this purpose primarily, succeeded in starting a pogrom on the basis of advice given to him by a small advanced detachment acting in Kowno, and in such a way that no German order or German instigation was noticed from the outside. During the first pogrom in the night from 25. to 26.6 the Lithouanian partisans did away with more than 1,500 Jews, set fire to several Synagogues or destroyed them by other means and burned down a Jewish dwelling district consisting of about 60 houses. During the following nights about 2,300 Jews were made harmless in a similar way. In other parts of Lithouania similar actions followed the example of Kowno, though smaller and extending to the Communists who had been left behind.
"These self-cleansing actions went smoothly because the Army authorities who had been informed showed understanding for this procedure. From the beginning it was obvious that only the first days after the occupation would offer the opportunity for carrying out pogroms. After the disarmament of the partisans the self-cleansing actions ceased necessarily.
"It proved much more difficult to set in motion similar cleansing actions in Latvia. Essentially the reason was that the whole of the national stratum of leaders had been assassinated or destroyed by the Soviets, especially in Riga. It was possible though through similar influences on the Latvian auxiliary to set in motion a pogrom against Jews also in Riga. During this pogrom all synagogues were destroyed and about 400 Jews were killed. As the population of Riga quieted down quickly, further pogroms were not convenient."
* * * * * * *
"5. Other jobs of the Security Police.
"1. Occasionally the conditions prevailing in the lunatic asylums necessitated operations of the Security Police. Many institutions had been robbed by the retreating Russians of their whole food supply. Often the guard and nursing personnel had fled. The inmates of several institutions broke out and became a danger to the general security ; therefore
in Aglona (Lithouania).........................544 lunatics
in Mariampol (Lithouania)....................1O9 lunatics and
in Magutowo (near Luga)..................... 95 lunatics
were liquidated."
* * * * * * *
"When it was decided to extend the German operations to Leningrad and also to extend the activities of Action Group A to this town, I gave orders on 18 July 1941 to parts of Action Detachments 2 and 3 and to the Staff of the Group to advance to Novosselje, in order to prepare these activities and to be able to advance as early as possible into the area around Leningrad and into the city itself. The advance of the forces of Action Group A which were intended to be used for Leningrad, was effected in agreement with and on the express wish of Panzer-Group 4."
* * * * * * *
"Action detachment of Action Group A of the Security Police participated from the beginning in the fight against the nuisance created by partisans. Close collaboration with the Armed Forces and the exchange of experiences which were collected in the fight against partisans, brought about a thorough knowledge of the origin, organization, strength, equipment and system used by the Red partisans as time went on." (L-180).
Certain affidavits, furnished by responsible officials in both the Wehrmacht and the SS, fill in much of the background for the documents quoted above. An affidavit (3710-PS) by Walter Schellenberg who, at the time under discussion, was an important official in the RSHA, states:
"In the middle of, May 1941, as far as I remember, the Chief of Amt 4 of the RSHA (SS-Brigadefuehrer Mueller), in the name of the Chief of the RSHA (SS-Gruppenfuehrer Heydrich), held discussions with the Generalquartiermeister of the Army (General Wagner) about questions connected with 'the operations of the SIP0 and SD within the bounds of the Field Army during the imminent campaign against Russia. Wagner could come to no agreement with Mueller and therefore asked Heydrich to send another representa-tive. I was at that time Chief of Section E in Amt 4 of the RSHA under Chief of Amt Mueller and was sent by Heydrich to Wagner because of my experience in matters of protocol for the purpose of drawing up the final agreement. According to the instructions given to me, I was supposed to make sure that this agreement would provide that the responsible headquarters in the Army would be firmly obligated to give complete support to all activities of the Combat Groups and Combat Commandos of the SIP0 and SD. I discussed the problem of this mutual relationship in great detail with Wagner. In accordance with this discussion I then presented him with the completed draft of an agreement, which met with his full approval. This draft of an agreement was the basis for a final discussion between Wagner and Heydrich towards the end of May 1941.
"The contents of this agreement, as far as I remember, were substantially as follows. Its basis was the Fuehrer's command, mentioned at the very beginning of the agreement, that the SIPO and SD should operate within the combat elements of the Field Army, with the mission of utterly smashing all resistance in conquered front-line areas as well as in conquered rear supply zones by every means and as quickly as possible. The various areas were then set down in which the SIPO and SD were to be active and operating. The individual Combat Groups were then assigned to the army groups which were to take part in the campaign and the individual Combat Commandos to the respective armies which were to take part in the campaign.
"The Combat Groups and Combat Commandos were to operate in detail:
"1. In front-line areas: in complete subordination to the Field Army, tactically, functionally and administratively;
"2. In rear operational areas: in merely administrative subordination to the Field Army, but under command and functional control of the RSHA;
"3. In rear Army areas: arrangement as in 2;
"4. In areas of the civil administration in the East: same as in the Reich.
"The tactical and functional authority and responsibility of front-line headquarters of the Field Army over the Combat Commandos found no limitation in the agreement and therefore needed no further clarification.
"The agreement made it clear that the administrative subordination embraced not only disciplinary subordination but also the obligation for rear headquarters of the Field Army to support the Combat Groups and Combat Commandos in matters of supply (gasoline, rations, etc.) as well as in the use of the communications network.
"This agreement was signed by Heydrich and Wagner in my presence. Wagner signed it either 'acting for' or 'by order of' the OKH.
"After Wagner and Heydrich had affixed their signatures, both of them asked me to leave the room for half an hour. Just while leaving I heard how they both wanted to discuss in complete privacy the Fuehrer's command, which was apparently known in advance by each of them personally, and implications. After the half hour was over I was called in once more just to say goodbye.
"Today I read the 'Operational and Situational Report No. 6 of the Combat Groups of the SIPO and SD in the USSR (covering the period from 1 to 31 October 1941),' as well as the 'Comprehensive Report of Combat Group A up to 15 October 1941.' The whole substance of these reports shows that the prime mission of the Combat Groups and Combat Commandos of the SIPO and SD was to undertake and carry out mass executions of Jews, Communists and other elements of resistance. It is also clear from the above-cited 'Comprehensive Report,' which embraces no more than the first four months of these operations, that the cooperation of the respective Oberbefehlshabers with Combat Group A was 'in general good and in individual instances, for instance that of Panzergruppe 4 under Colonel General Hoeppner, very close, in fact almost cordial' (page 1). From an inclosure to this same report, bearing the title 'Summary of the Number of Executed Persons, ' particularly from the figures arranged according to the successively conquered areas, it is evident that the SIPO and SD operated in front-line areas so as fully to carry out their prime function of conducting mass executions of all elements of resistance even from the very beginning of the advance against Russia. I acknowledge the reliability and authenticity of both of the above cited reports. Therefore I must today express my firm conviction that the Oberbefehlshabers of the army groups and armies which were to take part in the Russian campaign were accurately informed through the normal OKH channels of communication about the extensive future mission of the Combat Groups and Combat Commandos of the SIPO and SD as including planned mass executions of Jews, Communists and all other elements of resistance.
"In the beginning o f June 1941 all of the Ic counter-intelligence officers, and, as far as I remember, all of the Ic officers of all army groups, armies, army corps and some of the divisions which were to take part in the coming Russian campaign were called in by Wagner, together with Heydrich and the Chief of the Amt for Counter-Intelligence Abroad in the OKW (Admiral Canaris) for a general conference in the OKW Building at Berlin. The responsible leaders of the Combat Groups and Combat Commandos of the SIPO and SD were for the most part likewise present. I was also there. The essential substance and purpose of this meeting was to outline the military strategy against Russia and to announce the above-mentioned details of the written agreement, reached by Wagner and Heydrich.
"This group of Ic counter-intelligence officers and Ic officers remained at Berlin a few days longer and was carefully instructed in several additional conferences, at which I was not present, about further details of the coming Russian campaign. I assume that these discussions were concerned with the exact delineation of the Fuehrer's command 'to smash utterly all resistance in occupied areas by every means and as quickly as possible,' including even planned mass executions of all elements of resistance. Otherwise the cooperation between the Field Army and the Combat Groups, which in the above-cited documents is clearly revealed as existing but a few weeks thereafter, could not in my opinion have been forthcoming. In any event there is hardly any reason to doubt that these Ic counter-intelligence officers, immediately upon their return from Berlin, accurately informed their own superiors, including all Oberbefehlshabers of the army groups and armies which were to march against Russia, about the full extent of the agreement."
" (signed) Walter Schellenberg
"26. XI. 45" (3710-PS)
Source: Nazi Conspiracy and Aggresion. Vol. II. USGPO, Washington, 1946, pp.316-400
[Note: The characters in brackets, eg, (2233-N-PS) refer to the official document numbers included in the series Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression. A list of legal references and documents relating to the General Staff and High Command appears on pages 400-415. For information on the referencing of Internet sources see Chapter 4 of S D Stein Learning, Teaching and Researching on the Internet. Addison Wesley Longman 1999-published Nov.1998]
Error Submission Form

The General Staff and High Command
of the Armed Forces
The Nuremberg Charges
Part V
Part I
Part II
Part III
Part IV
War Crimes on the Eastern Front (part iii)
Conclusion
Another affidavit which sheds light on the relations between the Wehrmacht and the SS at the top level with respect to anti-partisan warfare (3711-PS) is sworn to by Wilhelm Scheidt, a retired captain of the German Army who worked in the War History Section of OKW from 1941 to 1945:
"I, Wilhelm Scheidt, belonged to the War History Section of the OKW from the year 1941 to 1945.
"Concerning the question of partisan warfare I state that I remember the following from my knowledge of the documents of the Operations Staff of the OKW as well as from my conversations in the Fuehrer's headquarters with Generalmajor Walter Scherff, the Fuehrer's appointee for the compilation of the history of the war.
"Counterpartisan warfare was originally a responsibility of Reichsfuehrer-SS Heinrich Himmler, who sent police forces to handle this matter.
"In the years 1942 and 1943 however counter-partisan warfare developed to such an extent that the Operations Staff of the OKW had to give it particular attention. In the Army Operations Section of the Operations Staff of the OKW a specific officer was assigned the development of counter-partisan warfare as his special job. It proved necessary to conduct extensive operations against the partisans with Wehrmacht troops in Russian as well as Yugoslavian territory. Partisan operations for a long while threatened to cut off the lines of communication and transport routes that were necessary to support the German Wehrmacht. For instance, a monthly report concerning the attacks on the railroad lines in occupied Russia revealed that in the Russian area alone from 800 to 1,000 attacks occurred each month during that period, causing among other things, the loss of from 200 to 300 locomotives.
"It was a well-known fact that partisan warfare was conducted with cruelty on both sides. It was also well-known that reprisals were inflicted on hostages and communities whose inhabitants were suspected of being partisans or of supporting them. It is beyond question that these facts must have been known to the leading officers in the Operations Staff of the OKW and in the Army's General Staff. It was further well-known that Hitler believed that the only successful method of conducting counter-partisan warfare was to employ cruel punishments as deterrents.
"I remember that at the time of the Polish revolt in Warsaw, SS-Gruppenfuehrer Fegelein reported to Generaloberst Guderian and Jodl about the atrocities of the Russian SS-Brigade Kaminski, which fought on the German side."
"( Signed) Wilhelm Scheidt
"Retired Captain of the Reserve" (3711-PS)
The foregoing documents show the arrangements which were made between the OKW, OKH and Himmler's headquarters with respect to anti-partisan warfare. They show conclusively that the plans and arrangements were made jointly, and that the High Command of the Armed Forces was not only fully aware of but an active participant in these plans. The same is true of the field commanders. General Roettiger, who attained the rank of General of Panzer Troops (the equivalent of a Lt. General in the American Army), has made three statements (3713-PS, 3714-PS). Roettiger was Chief of Staff of the German 4th Army, and later of Army Group Center, on the Eastern Front during the period of which he speaks:
"As Chief of Staff of the 4th Army from May 1942 to June 1943, to which was later added the area of the 9th Army, I. often had occasion to concern myself officially with antipartisan warfare. During these operations the troops received orders from the highest authority, as for example even the OKH, to use the harshest methods. These operations were carried out by troops of the Army Group and of the Army, as for example security battalions.
"At the beginning, in accordance with orders which were issued through official channels, only a few prisoners were taken. In accordance with orders, Jews, political commissars and agents were delivered up to the SD.
"The number of enemy dead mentioned in official reports was very high in comparison with our own losses. From the documents which have been shown to me I have now come to realize that the order from highest authorities for the harshest conduct of the antipartisan war can have been intended to make possible a ruthless liquidation of Jews and other undesirable elements by using for this purpose the military struggle of the army against the partisans." (3713-PS)
Roettiger's second statement reads :
"Supplementary to my above declaration I declare :
"As I stated orally on 28 November, my then Commander-in-Chief of the Fourth Army instructed his troops many times not to wage war against the partisans more severely than was required at the time by the position. This struggle should only be pushed to the annihilation of the enemy after all attempts to bring about a surrender failed. Apart from humanitarian reasons we necessarily had an interest in taking prisoners since very many of them could very well be used as members of native volunteer units against the partisans.
"Alongside the necessary active combatting of partisans there was propaganda directed at the partisans and also at the population with the object, by peaceful means, of causing them to give up partisan activities. For instance, in this way the women too were continually urged to get their men back from the forests or to keep them by other means from joining the partisans. And this propaganda had good results. In the spring of 1943 the area of the 4th Army was as good as cleared of partisans. Only on its boundaries and then from time to time were partisans in evidence at times when they crossed into the area of the 4th Army from neighboring areas. The army was obliged on this account on the orders of the Army Group to give up security forces to the neighboring army to the south.
"( signed) Roettiger" (3713-PS)
Roettiger's third statement reads:
"During my period of service in 1942/ 3 as chief of staff of the 4th Army of the Central Army Group, SD units were attached in the beginning, apparently for the purpose of counter- intelligence activity in front-line areas. It was clear that these SD units were causing great disturbances among the local civilian population with the result that my commanding officer therefore asked the commander-in-chief of the army group, Field Marshal von Kluge, to order the SD units to clear out of the front-line areas, which took place immediately. The reason for this first and foremost was that the excesses of the SD units by way of execution of Jews and other persons assumed such proportions as to threaten the security of the Army in its combat areas because of the aroused civilian populace. Although in general the special tasks of the SD units were well known and appeared to be carried out with the knowledge of the highest military authorities, we opposed these methods as far as possible, because of the danger which existed for our troops.
"( Signed) Roettiger" (3714-PS)
An extract from the War Diary of the Deputy Chief of the Armed Forces Operational Staff (Warlimont), dated 14 March 1943, deals with the problem of shipping off suspected partisans to concentration camps in Germany (1786-PS). It appears clearly from this extract that the Army was chiefly concerned with preserving a sufficient severity of treatment for suspected partisans, without at the same time obstructing the procurement of labor from the occupied territories:
"The General Quartermaster [General Quartiermeister] together with the Economic Staff (East) [ Wirtschaftsstab Ost] has proposed that the deportees should be sent either to prison camps or to 'training centres in their own area, ' and that deportation to Germany should take place only when the deportees are on probation and in less serious cases.
"In view of the Armed Forces Operations Staff [Wchrmacht-fuehrungstab] this proposal does not take sufficient account of the severity required and leads to a comparison with the treatment meted out to the 'peaceful population' which has been called upon to work. He recommends therefore transportation to concentration camps in Germany which have already been introduced by the Reichsfuehrer SS for his sphere and which he is prepared to introduce for the Armed Forces [Wehrmacht] in the case of an extension to the province of the latter.The High Command of the Armed Forces [Oberkommando der Wehrmacht] therefore orders that partisan helpers and suspects who are not to be executed should be handed over to the competent Higher SS and Police Leader [Hoehrer SS und Polizeifuehrer] and orders that the difference between 'punitive work' and 'work in Germany' is to be made clear to the population." (1786-PS)
A final group of four affidavits show that the SD Einsatzgruppen on the Eastern Front operated under the command and with the necessary support of the Wehrmacht, and that the nature of their activities were fully known to the Wehrmacht. The first of these is a statement (3715-PS) by Ernst Rode, who was an SS Brigadefuehrer and Generalmajor of the Police, and was head of Himmler's personal command staff from 1943 to 1945:
STATEMENT
"I, Ernst Rode, was formerly chief of the Command Staff of the Reichsfuehrer-SS, having taken over this position in the spring of 1943 as successor to former SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Kurt Knoblauch. My last rank was Generalmajor of Police and of the Waffen-SS. My function was to furnish forces necessary for antipartisan warfare to the higher SS and police leaders and to guarantee the support of army forces. This took place through personal discussions. with the leading officers of the Operations Staff of the OKW and OKH, namely with General Warlimont, General von Buttlar, Generaloberst Guderian, Generaloberst Zeitzler, General Heusinger, later General Wenk, Colonel Graf Kielmannsegg and Colonel v. Bonin. Since anti-partisan warfare also was under the sole command of the respective Army commander-in-chief in operational areas (for instance in the Central Army Group under Field Marshal Kluge and later Busch) and since police troops for the most part could not be spared from the Reichscommissariates, the direction of this warfare lay practically always entirely in the hands of the army. In the same way orders were issued not by Himmler but by the OKH. SS and police troops transferred to operational areas from the Reichscommissariates to support the army groups were likewise under the latter's command. Such transfers often resulted in harm to anti-partisan warfare in the Reichscommissariates. According to a specific agreement between Himmler and the OKH, the direction of individual operations lay in the hands of the troop leader who commanded the largest troop contingent. It was therefore possible that an army general could have SS and police under him, and on the other hand that army troops could be placed under a general of the SS and police. Anti-partisan warfare in operational areas could never be ordered by Himmler. I could merely request the OKH to order it, until 1944 mostly through the intervention of Generalquartiermeister Wagner or through State Secretary Ganzenmueller. The OKH then issued corresponding orders to the army groups concerned, for compliance.
"The severity and cruelty with which the intrinsically diabolical partisan warfare was conducted by the Russians had already resulted in Draconian laws being issued by Hitler for its conduct. These orders, which were passed on to the troops through the OKW and OKH, were equally applicable to army troops as well as to those of the SS and police. There was absolutely no difference in the manner in which these two components carried on this warfare. Army soldiers were exactly as embittered against the enemy as those of the SS and police. As a result of this embitterment orders were ruthlessly carried out by both components, a thing which was also quite in keeping with Himmler's desires or intentions. As proof of this the order of the OKW and OKH can be adduced, which directed that all captured partisans, for instance such as Jews, agents, and political commissars, should without delay be handed over by the troops to the SD for special treatment. This order also contained the provision that in anti-partisan warfare no prisoners except the above named be taken. That anti-partisan warfare was carried on by army troops mercilessly and to every extreme I know as the result of discussions with army troop leaders, for instance with General Herzog, Commander of the XXXVIII Army Corps and with his chief of staff, Colonel Pamberg in the General Staff, both of whom support my opinion. Today it is clear to me that anti-partisan warfare gradually became an excuse for the systematic annihilation of Jewry and Slavism.
"(Signed) Ernst Rode" (3715-PS)
Another and shorter statement by Rode reads:
"As far as I know, the SD Combat Groups with the individual army groups were completely subordinate to them, that is to say tactically as well as in every other way. The commanders- in-chief were therefore thoroughly cognizant of the missions and operational methods of these units. They approved of these missions and operational methods because apparently they never opposed them. The fact that prisoners, such as Jews, agents and commissars, who were handed over to the SD underwent the same cruel death, as victims of so-called 'purifications,' is a proof that the executions had their approval. This also corresponded with what the highest political and military authorities wanted. Frequent mention of these methods were naturally made in my presence at the OKW and OKH, and they were condemned by most SS and police officers, just as they were condemned by most army officers. On such occasions I always pointed out that it would have been quite within the scope of the authority of the commanders- in-chief of army groups to oppose such methods. I am of the firm conviction that an energetic and unified protest by all field marshals would have resulted in a change of these missions and methods. If they should, ever assert that they would then have been succeeded by even more ruthless commanders-in-chief, this, in my opinion, would be a foolish and even cowardly dodge.
"(Signed) Ernst Rode" (3716-PS)
In an affidavit by Colonel Bogislav von Bonin, who at the beginning of the Russian campaign was a staff officer with the 17th Panzer Division, the following statement is made:
"At the beginning of the Russian campaign I was the first General Staff officer of the 17th Panzer Division which had the mission of driving across the Bug north of Brest-Litovsk. Shortly before the beginning of the attack my division received through channels from the OKW a written order of the Fuehrer. This order directed that Russian commissars be shot upon capture, without judicial process, immediately and ruthlessly. This order extended to all units of the Eastern Army. Although the order was supposed to be relayed to companies, the Commanding General of the XXXVII Panzer Corps (General of Panzer Troops Lemelsen) forbade its being passed on to the troops because it appeared unacceptable to him from military and moral points of view.
" (Signed) Bogislav v. Bonin "Colonel" (3718-PS)
Finally an affidavit (3717-PS) by Heusinger, who was a Generalleutnant in the German Army, and who from 1940 to 1944 was Chief of the Operations Section at OKH, states as follows:
"1. From the beginning of the war in 1939 until autumn 1940 I was Ia of the Operations Section of the OKH, and from autumn 1940 until 20 July 1944 I was chief of that section.
"When Hitler took over supreme command of the Army, he gave to the chief of the General Staff of the Army the function of advising him on all operational matters in the Russian theater.
"This made the chief of the General Staff of the Army responsible for all matters in the operational areas in the east, while the OKW was responsible for all matters outside the operational areas, for instance, all troops (security units, SS units, police) stationed in the Reichscommissariates.
"All police and SS units in the Reichscommissariates were also subordinate to the Reichsfuehrer-SS. When it was necessary to transfer such units into operational areas, this had to be done by order of the chief of the OKW. On the other hand, corresponding transfers from the front to the rear were ordered by the OKW with the concurrence of the chief of the General Staff of the Army.
"The high SS and police leaders normally had command of operations against partisans. If stronger army units were committed together with the SS and police units within operational areas, a high commander of the army could be designated commander of the operation.
"During anti-partisan operations within operational areas all forces committed for these operations were under the command of the respective commander-in-chief of the army group.
"2. Directives as to the manner and methods of carrying on counter-partisan operations were issued by the OKW (Keitel) to the OKH upon orders from Hitler and after consultation with Himmler. The OKH was responsible merely for the transmission of these orders to army groups, for instance such orders as those concerning the treatment to be accorded to commissars and communists, those concerning the manner of prosecuting by courts martial army personnel who had committed offenses against the population, as well as those establishing the basic principles governing reprisals against the inhabitants.
"3. The detailed working out of all matters involving the treatment of the local populace as well as anti-partisan warfare in operational areas, in pursuance of orders from the OKW, was the responsibility of the Generalquartiermeister of the OKH.
"4. It had always been my personal opinion that the treatment of the civilian population and the methods of anti-partisan warfare in operational areas presented the highest po litical and military leaders with a welcomed opportunity of carrying out their plans, namely the systematic extermination of Slavism and Jewry. Entirely independent of this, I. always regarded these cruel methods as military insanity, because they only helped to make combat against the enemy unnecessarily more difficult.
"(Signed) Heusinger "Generalleutnant." (3717-PS)
(At this point, Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski was called upon for oral'testimony. His testimony on direct examination was sub-stantially to the same effect as his affidavit 3712-PS.)
(c) Responsibility of the Group for War Crimes and Crimes Against Humunity: Counts 3 and 4 of the Indictment.
The foregoing evidence against the General Staff and High Command Group is such that no German soldier can view it with anything but shame. The German High Command developed and applied a policy of terror against commandos and paratroopers, in violation of the Hague and Geneva Conventions, on the Western Front. On the Eastern Front it descended to savagery. In advance of the attack against the Soviet Union, the High Command ordered the troops to take "ruthless action", left it to the discretion of any officer to decide whether suspected civilians shouId be immediately shot, and empowered any officer with the powers of a Battalion Commander to take "collective despotic measures" against localities. Offenses committed against civilians by German soldiers, however, were not required to be prosecuted, and prosecution was suggested only where desirable in order to maintain discipline ,and security from a military standpoint.
Soon after the invasion of the Soviet Union, German troops were told by the OKW that "a human life in unsettled countries frequently counts for nothing" and were encouraged to observe a punitive ratio of 50 to 100 Communists for one German soldier. German troops were told that they were to take "revenge on sub-human Jewry" and that they were not merely soldiers but "bearers of ruthless national ideology and avengers of bestialities". The High Command and the chief lieutenants of Himmler jointly planned the establishment of the Einsatzgruppen, the behavior of which has been shown in detail. These groups when in operational areas were under the command of the German Army, and German soldiers joined in their savagery. The Einsatzgruppen were completely dependent upon the Armed Forces for supplies with which to carry out their atrocities. The practices employed against the civilian population and against partisans were well known to all high ranking German officers on the Eastern Front. No doubt some of them disapproved of what was going on. Nonetheless, the full support of the military leaders continued to be given to these activities.
The record is clear that the General Staff and High Command Group, including the defendants, who were members of the Group and numerous other members ordered, directed, and participated in war crimes and crimes against humanity as specified in counts 3 and 4 of the Indictment.
C. Conclusion.
The world must bear in mind that the German High Command is not an evanescent thing, the creature of a decade of unrest, or a school of thought or tradition which is shattered or utterly discredited. The German High Command and military tradition have in the past achieved victory and survived defeat. They have met with triumph and disaster, and have survived through a singular durability not unmixed with stupidity. An eminent American statesman and diplomat, Mr. Sumner Welles, has written (" The Time for Decision", 1944, pp. 261-262) that:
"* * * the authority to which the German people have so often and so disastrously responded was not in reality the German Emperor of yesterday, or the Hitler of to-day, but the German General Staff.
"It will be said that this insistence that the German General Staff has been the driving force in German policy is a dangerous oversimplification. I am not disposed to minimize the importance of other factors in German history. They all have their place. But I am convinced that each of them has played its part only in so far as it was permitted to do so by the real master of the German race, namely, German militarism, personified in, and channelled through, the German General Staff ."
* * * * *
"Whether their ostensible ruler is the Kaiser, or Hindenburg, or Adolf Hitler, the continuing loyalty of the bulk of the population is given to that military force controlled and guided by the German General Staff. To the German people, the army to-day, as in the past, is the instrument by which German domination will be brought about. Generations of Germans may pass. The nation may undergo defeat after defeat. But if the rest of the world permits it, the German General Staff will continue making its plans for the future."
The German General Staff and High Command is indicted not now at the bar of history, but on specific charges of crimes against International Law and the dictates of the conscience of mankind as embodied in the Charter. The picture that emerges from the evidence is that of a group of men with great powers for good or ill who chose the latter; who deliberately set out to arm Germany to the point where the German will could be imposed on the rest of the world; and who gladly joined with the most evil forces at work in Germany. "Hitler produced the results which all of us warmly desired", Blomberg and Blaskowitz say, and that is obviously the truth. The converse is no less clear; the military leaders furnished Hitler with the means and might which were necessary to his mere survival, to say nothing of the accomplishment of those purposes which seem to the world so ludicrously impossible in 1932 and so fearfully imminent in 1942.
It was said above that the German militarists were inept as well as persistent. Helpless as Hitler would have been without them, he succeeded in mastering them. The generals and the Nazis were allies in 1933. But it was not enough for the Nazis that the generals should be voluntary allies ; Hitler wanted them permanently and completely under his control. Devoid of political skill or principle, the generals lacked the mentality or morality to resist. On the day of the death of President Hindenburg in August 1934, the German officers swore a new oath. Their previous oath had been to the Fatherland; now it was to a man, Adolf Hitler. It was not until 18 days later that the law requiring this change was passed. A year later the Nazi emblem became part of their uniform and the Nazi flag their standard. By a clever process of infiltration into key positions, Hitler seized control of the entire military machine.
No doubt these generals will ask what they could have done about it. It will be said that they were helpless, and that to protect their jobs and families and their own lives they had to follow Hitler's decisions. No doubt this became true. But the generals were a key factor in Hitler's rise to complete power and a partner in his criminal aggressive designs. It is always difficult and dangerous to withdraw from a criminal conspiracy. Never has it been suggested that a conspirator may claim mercy on the ground that his fellow conspirators threatened him with harm should he withdraw from the plot. In many respects the spectacle which the German General Staff and High Command group presents today is the most degrading of all the groups and organizations charged in the Indictment. The bearers of a tradition not devoid of valour and honour, they emerge from this war stained both by criminality and ineptitude. Attracted by the militaristic and aggressive Nazi policies, the German generals found themselves drawn into adventures of a scope they had not foreseen. From crimes in which almost all of them participated willingly and approvingly were born others in which they participated because they were too ineffective to alter the governing Nazi policies, and because they had to continue collaboration to save their own skins.
Having joined the partnership, the General Staff and High Command group planned and carried through manifold acts of aggression which turned Europe into a charnel-house, and caused the Armed Forces to be used for foul practices foully executed of terror, pillage, murder and wholesale slaughter. Let no one be heard to say that the military uniform shall be their cloak, or that they may find sanctuary by pleading membership in the profession to which they are an eternal disgrace.


TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 829-PS
Source: Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Vol. III. USGPO, Washington, 1946, p.p.597-599
Keitel Order Concerning Ruthless Suppression of any
Resistance in Occupied USSR
TOP SECRET
COPY
The Chief of the OKW
WFST. / Abt. L (IV/Qu)
Nr. 002060/ 41 g. Kdos.
F. H. Qu., 16 September 1941
40 copies, 32nd copy
Subject: Communist insurrection in the occupied territories.
1. Since the campaign against Soviet Russia started there have been communist insurrections everywhere in the territories occupied by Germany. The actions range from propaganda and assaults against single members of the armed forces to open revolt and spreading guerilla warfare.
It should be noted that this is a mass movement which is centrally directed from Moscow and to which also the single and seemingly trifling incidents are to be ascribed occurring in areas which have been quiet so far.
Due to the manifold political and economic tensions in the occupied territories we must also expect nationalistic and other groups to take advantage of the situation and to instigate difficulties for the German occupation troops by joining the communist insurrection.
This way an increasing danger for the German conduct of the war arises which becomes apparent first by generally unsafe conditions for the occupation troops and already has led to troops being, detached to the main centers of the unrest.
2. Previous measures to counteract this general communist insurrection have proved inadequate. The Fuehrer has now ordered that everywhere the most drastic means are to be employed in order to quench the movement within the shortest time possible. Only in this manner which has always been employed successfully by great nations in the history of their conquests quiet can be restored.
3. The following directives are to be observed:
a. In each case of revolt against the German occupation force Communist sources are to be su

(b) The SS as an exterminator of "inferior" races.

Domination of Europe through a Nazi Elite required more, however, than the positive side of racism-that is, the building up of a numerous "biologically superior" group. It necessarily meant also the destruction of other races. The SS had to be, and was, taught not merely to breed, but to exterminate. In a speech delivered at Kharkov in April 1943, Himmler declared:

"We have-I would say, as very consistent National Socialists-taken the question of blood as our starting point. We were the first really to solve the problem of blood by action, and in this connection by problem of blood, we of course do not mean antisemitism. Antisemitism is exactly the same as delousing. Getting rid of lice is not a question of ideology. It is a matter of cleanliness. In just the same way, antisemitism for us, will soon have been dealt with. We shall soon be deloused. We have only 20,000 lice left, and then the matter is finished within the whole of Germany." (1919-PS)

But it was not merely against Jews that SS efforts were directed. All non-Nordic races were similarly condemned. In his Posen speech, Himmler stated this basic principle of the SS:

"One basic principle must be the absolute rule for the SS men : We must be honest, decent, loyal and comradely to members of our own blood and to nobody else. What happens to a Russian, to a Czech, does not interest me in the slightest. What other nations can offer in the way of good blood of our type, we will take, if necessary, by kidnapping their children and raising them here with us. Whether nations live in prosperity or starve to death interests me only so far as we need them as slaves for our culture; otherwise, it is of no interest to me. Whether 10,000 Russian females fall down from exhaustion while digging an antitank ditch interests me only insofar as the antitank ditch for Germany is finished." * * *
"That is what I want to instil into this SS and what I'believe I have instilled in them as one of the most sacred laws of the future." (1919-PS)

(c) Indoctrination of members in SS racial theories.

These were the principles which were publicly reiterated, over and over again, so that the newest recruit was thoroughly steeped in them. In his Kharkov speech to the commanding officers of three Waffen SS divisions, Himmler strongly insisted on indoctrinating all SS members in his theories of the racial struggle.

"This is what is important for us as SS men, for, our province of duty and our mission (it is a task additional to those of the whole German armed forces and the whole German people): That is what I would like to impress upon you. This is what I beg you as commanding officers, as chiefs and as leaders, to teach the young men again and again in their ideological instruction. That is what I demand and exact of you-that you really concern yourself with the man, the young fellow of 17 or 18 who comes to us, and with many who are in our ranks not as volunteers but as conscripts. I ask you to look after them, and guide them, and not let them go before they are really saturated with our spirit and are fighting as the old guard fought before us-that is what I request and demand of you.
"We have only one task-to stand firm and carry on the racial struggle without mercy." 1919-PS)

This function of the SS men in the racial struggle was publicly proclaimed in the Organizations Book of the NSDAP for 1943:

"He openly and relentlessly fights against the most dangerous enemies of the State: Jews, Freemasons, Jesuits and political clergymen." (2640-PS)

(7) Functions and activities with respect to commission of war crimes.

During the war great use was made of the peculiar qualities possessed by the SS-qualities not only of its combat force, but of its other components as well-in executing tasks embracing the commission of war crimes and crimes against humanity.

(a) "Antipartisan" operations.

A directive issued by Keitel on 13 March 1941, making preparations 3 months in advance for the attack on Russia, provided that in the area of operations the Reichsfuehrer SS was entrusted with special tasks for the preparation of the political administration-tasks which would result from the struggle about to commence between two opposing political systems. (447-PS)

One of the steps taken by the Reichsfuehrer SS to carry out those "special tasks" was the formation and use of so-called "antipartisan" units. They were discussed by Himmler in his Posen speech:

"In the meantime I have also set up the Chief of the antipartisan units. Our comrade SS Obergruppenfuehrer von dem Bach is Chief of the antipartisan units. I considered it necessary for the Reidhsfuehrer SS to be in authoritative command in all these battles, for I am convinced that we are best in position to take action against this enemy struggle, which is decidedly a political one. Except where units which had been supplied and which we had formed for this purpose were taken from us to fill in gaps at the front, we have been very successful.
"It is notable that by setting up this department, we have gained for the SS in turn, a division, a corps, an army, and the next step-which is the High Command of an army or area of a group-if you wish to call it that." (1919-PS)

What the SS did with its division, corps, and army, out of which the antipartisan units were formed, is illustrated in the "Activity and Situation Report No. 6 of the Task Forces of the Security Police and SD in the U. S. S. R.," covering the period from 1 to 31 October 1941 (R-102). The report shows that so-called "anti-partisan" activity was actually nothing but a name for extermina-tion of Jews and persons believed politically undesirable. The report is a carefully organized and detailed description of such extermination. Section I describes the stations of the various Task Forces involved, and section II their activities. The latter section is divided into parts, each dealing with a different geo-graphical region-the Baltic area, White Ruthenia, and the Ukraine. Under each area the report of activities is classified under three headings : (a) Partisan activity and counteraction ; (b) arrests and executions of communists and officials; and (c) Jews. The following units were involved (R-l02):

"The present stations are

"Task Force A : since 7 October 1941 Krasnowardeisk.
"Task Force B : continues in Smolensk.
"Task Force C: since 27 September 1941 in Kiew.
"Task Force D: since 27 September 1941 in Nikolajew.

"The Action and Special Commandos (Einsatz und Sonder Commandos) which are attached to the Task Force continue on the march with the advancing troops into the sectors which have been assigned to them." (R-102)

The section headed "Baltic area" and subsection labeled "Jews" read as follows (R-102):

"Spontaneous demonstrations against Jewry followed by pogroms on the part of the population against the remaining Jews have not been recorded on account of the lack of adequate indoctrination.
"However, the Estonian Protective Corps (Selbtschutz), formed at the time of the entry of the Wehrmacht, immediately started a comprehensive arrest action of all Jews. This action was under the direction of the task force of the Security Police and the SD." * * *
"The male Jews over 16 were executed with the exception of doctors and the elders. At the present time this action is still in progress. After completion. of this action there will remain only 500 Jewesses and children in the Eastern Territory." (R-102)

In the section headed "White Ruthenia," the subsection labeled "Partisan activity and counteraction," the following appear:

"In Wultschina 8 juveniles were arrested as partisans and shot. They were inmates of a children's home. They had collected weapons which they hid in the woods. Upon search the following were found: 3 heavy machine guns, 15 rifles, several thousand rounds of ammunition, several hand grenades, and several packages of poison gas, Ebrit.

"b. Arrests and executions of communists, officials, and criminals.

"A further large part of the activity of the Security Police was devoted to the combatting of Communists and criminals. A special Commando in the period covered by this report executed 63 officials, NKVD agents and agitators.(R-102)

The preceding subsection ends with the following statement:

"The liquidations for the period covered by this report have reached a total of 37,180 persons." (R-102)

And under the section headed "Ukraine," the subsection "Jews," this statement occurs:

"Shitomir
In Shitomir 3,145 Jews had to be shot,. because from expe-rience they have to be regarded as bearers of Bolshevik propa-ganda and saboteurs." (R-1 02)

The foregoing report deals with the activities of four Task Forces-A, B, C, and D. The more detailed report of Task Force A up to 16 October 1941 shows great variety of SS components in such a task force:

"This description of the over-all situation showed and shows that the members of the Stapo [The Secret State Police], Kripo and SD [Security Service] who are attached to the Action-Group, are active mainly in Lithouania, Latvia, Esthonia, White-Ruthenia and to a smaller part in front of Leningrad. It shows further that the forces of the uniformed police and the Armed SS are active mainly in front of Leningrad, in order to take measures against the returning population and under their own officers. This is so much easier because the Action detachments in Lithouania, Latvia and Esthonia have at their disposal native police units, as described in encl. 1, and because so far 150 Latvian reinforcements have been sent to White-Ruthenia.
"The distribution of the leaders of Security Police and SD during the individual phases can be gathered from encl. 2, the advance and the activities of the Action-Group and the Action-detachments from encl. 3. It should be mentioned that the leaders of the Armed-SS and of the uniformed police who are reserves have declared their wish to stay on with the Security Police and the SD." (L-180)

Asi es como los Yankes hacen peliculas jugando en campos de concentración NAZIs al futbol contra los Duches, y la otra gran mayoria de peliculas son de judios en capos de concentración, judios en trenes, judios tocando el piano, judios de pertisanos en el este...

Todo siempre para desviar la atención de la URSS y el socialismo, incluso ponen peor al comunismo y a los sovieticos, más que a los propios NAZIs que los ejemplifican siempre como heroicos caballeros teutones , claro que entre angolsajones (ingleses ,yankes ,alemanes ) se respetan. De la barbarie de las hordas NAZIs en el este no se sabe una mierda , antes te inundan hablandote de fantasiosas dos millones de viejas violadas en berlin por el ejercito rojo, y despues no se cuantos otros cuentos, solo para desvirturar al socialismo y que los comunistas, NUNCA QUEDEN de victimas , para no dar pie siquiera a un munimo resquicio de compasión y todo lo que te venga a la cabeza cuando se hable de ello, sea malo.

Asi funciona la propaganda, y uno en hollywood hace un guion sobre las masacres NAZIs contra sovieticos y se come los mocos sin embargo hace una pelicula de Judios, y a saber cuantos Clubs judios dan primas o financian esos filmes.

Asi tiens a la pandilla esta de retrasados NAZIs, sudamericanos que no se enteran de una mierda y se pasan el dia hablando solo de los 6 millones de judios muertos, y como que no parece muy rigurosa la cifra, pues ALA!!, todo lo que les han contado los yankes es mentira. Total, se han pasado decadas poniendo como la mierda a los rojos, asi que ante el descontento que causa el capitalismo ya de por si , estos tontos van al NAZISMO. Asi es como pasa con las nuevas generaciones de jovenes del este de Europa en paises como Polonia, etc, la propaganda anticomunista es tan bestial que los chavales van al NAZISMO antes de pensar algo positivo del comunismo.


Por eso no dan tregua con las Historias Sobre Stalin, por eso les interesa que los crimenes del comunismo sean millonarios, para que no nos pongamos a hablar de quien es el causante del NAZISMO, quien le dio pie y lo reforzo por que reinvindicaba ser el cruzado contra el bolchevismo en Europa y el Mundo. Atacan continuamente para que no nos pongamos a hablar de lo que es capaz LA BURGUESIA y el capitalismo con tal de mantener sus privilegios de explotación y esclavización de los demas. Por esto es toda la basura que meten dia a dia los massmedia y los emperadores capitalistas de las transnacionales.

Polish POWs

See also: Massacre in Ciepielów

Numerous examples exist in which Polish soldiers were killed after capture, for instance at Śladów where 252 prisoners of war (POW)s were shot or drowned, at Ciepielów where some 300 POWs were killed, and at Zambrów where a further 300 POWs were killed. Polish POWs of Jewish origin were routinely selected and shot on the spot.[6] The prisoners of the POW camp in Żyrardów, captured after the Battle of the Bzura, were denied any food and starved for 10 days.[7] In many cases Polish POWs, once captured, were burned alive.[4][8] Units of the Polish 7th Infantry Division were massacred after being captured in several individual acts of revenge for their defence in combat. On September 11, Wehrmacht soldiers threw hand grenades into a school building where they kept Polish POWs

Mass rapes during invasion of Poland

Rapes were committed by Wehrmacht forces on women and girls during the Invasion of Poland.[4]

Rapes were also committed against Polish women and girls during mass executions carried out primarily by the Selbstschutz, which were accompanied by Wehrmacht soldiers and on territory under the administration of the German military; the rapes were carried-out before shooting female captives.[9]

Only one case of rape was prosecuted by German court during the military campaign in Poland, the case of mass rape by German soldiers committed by three soldiers against the Jewish family of Kaufmann in Busko-Zdrój; however the German judge sentenced the guilty for Rassenschande - shame against the [German] race as defined by racial policy of Nazi Germany and not rape

Destruction of Warsaw
See also: Battle of Warsaw (1939) and Warsaw Uprising
During World War II 85% of buildings in Warsaw were destroyed by German troops.

Up to 13,000 soldiers and between 120,000 and 200,000 civilians were killed by German-led forces during the Warsaw Uprising. At least 5,000 German regular soldiers assisted the SS in crushing the Polish resistance, most of them reserve units.[11] Human shields were used by German forces during the fighting

Barbarossa Decree


The background behind the Barbarossa Decree was laid out by Adolf Hitler during high level meeting with military officials on March 30, 1941[13], where he declared that war against Soviet Russia will be a war of extermination, in which both the political and intellectual elites of Russia will be eradicated by German forces, in order to ensure long lasting German victory[13].Hitler underlined that executions won't be the matter for military courts, but for organised action of the military[13]. The decree, issued by Field Marshal Keitel a few weeks before Operation Barbarossa, exempted punishable offences committed by enemy civilians (in Russia) from the jurisdiction of military justice. Suspects were to be brought before an officer who would decide if they were to be shot. Prosecution of offenses against civilians by members of the Wehrmacht was decreed to be "not required" unless necessary for the maintenance of discipline. The order specified:

* "The partisans are to be ruthlessly eliminated in battle or during attempts to escape," and all attacks by civilian population against Wehrmacht soldiers are to be "suppressed by the army on the spot by using extreme measures, till annihilation of the attackers';
* Every officer in the German occupation in the East of the future will be entitled to performing execution without trial, without any formalities, on any person suspected of having a hostile attitude towards the Germans (the same applied to prisoners of war);
* If you have not managed to identify and punish the perpetrators of anti-German acts, you are allowed to apply the principle of collective responsibility. "Collective measures" against residents of the area where the attack occurred can then be applied after approval by the battalion commander or higher level of command;
* The German soldiers who committed crimes against humanity, the USSR and the prisoners of war were to be exempted from criminal responsibility, even if they committed acts punishable according to German law [13][14]

The order went in line with interests of Wehrmacht command which was eager to secure logistical facilities and routes behind the frontlines for the division on the Eastern Front[14]. On May 24, 1941 Field Marshal Walther von Brauchitsch the head of German Army High Command (Oberkommando des Heeres - OKH), slightly modified assumptions of "Barbarossa Jurisdiction." His orders were to use the jurisdiction only in cases where the discipline of the army wouldn't suffer. Contrary to what was claimed after the war, the Wehrmacht generals such as Heinz Guderian did not intend to mitigate the records of the jurisdiction of an order, or in any way violated the intentions of Hitler[14]. His command was intended solely to prevent an individual excesses which could damage discipline within army ranks, without changing the extermination intentions of the order[13].

Mass Rapes

Rapes were allowed in practice by German military in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, while northern and western countries were spared[15] Historian Szymon Datner wrote in his work about fate of POW's taken by Wehrmacht that thousands of Soviet female nurses, doctors and field medics fell victim to rape when captured during the war, and had often been murdered afterwards.[13] Ruth Seifert in War and Rape. Analytical Approaches writes: "in the Eastern territories the Wehrmacht used to brand the bodies of captured partisan women - and other women as well - with the words "Whore for Hitler's troops" and to use them accordingly."[16]

Birgit Beck in her work Rape: The Military Trials of Sexual Crimes Committed by Soldiers in the Wehrmacht, 1939-1944 describes the leniency in punishing sex crimes by German authorities in the East, at the same time pointing out heavy punishments applied in the West[17] If a soldier who committed a rape was subsequently convicted by a court-martial, he would usually be sentenced to four years in prison.[18] The German penal code was also valid for soldiers in war.[19]

Rapes were rarely prosecuted in practice however; in Denmark where German rapes weren't widespread, even though German officials promised to punish them, this was far from being the case[15].

Rape by Germans of non-German women wasn't taken seriously, nor was it punishable by death, especially in territories of Eastern Europe[20].

In Soviet Russia rapes were only a concern if they undermined military discipline[17]. The German military command viewed them as another method to crush Soviet resistance [20] Since 1941, rape was theoretically punishable with the death sentence, however this was only concerning the rapes of German women and was intended to protect the German communities[20].

In October 1940 the laws on rape were changed, making it a "petitioned crime"-that is a crime for which punishment had to be requested. Historian Christa Paul writes that this resulted in “a nearly complete absence of prosecution and punishment for rapes”[20].They were rape cases in the east where the perpetrators were sentenced;if the rape was highly visible, and damaging to image of German Army, the courts were willing to pass a condemning verdict against the accused[20].

According to historian Regina Mühlhäuser Wehrmacht also used sexual torture and undressing in numerous cases of interrogations[21]

The estimates regarding the rapes of Soviet women by Wehrmacht reach up to 10,000,000 cases, with between 750,000 and 1,000,000 children born as a result.

POW Camps
See also: Prisoner of war and Geneva Convention (1929)

The Third Geneva Convention (1929) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War had been signed by Germany and most other countries in 1929, while the USSR and Japan did not sign until after the war (final version of the Third Geneva Convention of 1949).

This meant that Germany was legally obliged to treat all POWs according to it, while in turn, Germans captured by the Red Army could not expect to be treated in such a manner. Additionally, the Soviet Union and Japan did not treat prisoners of war in accordance with the Geneva Convention.

While the Wehrmacht's prisoner-of-war camps for prisoners from the west generally satisfied the humanitarian conditions prescribed by international law, prisoners from Poland (which never capitulated) and the USSR were incarcerated under significantly worse conditions.

By December 1941, more than 2.4 million Soviet Red Army troops had been taken prisoner. These prisoners suffered from malnutrition and diseases like typhus that resulted from the Wehrmacht's failure to provide sufficient food, shelter, proper sanitation and medical care for the prisoners. Prisoners were regularly subject to torture, beatings and humiliation.

Between the launching of Operation Barbarossa in the summer of 1941 and the following spring, 2.8 million of the 3.2 million prisoners taken died while in German hands.[28] The German failure to attain their anticipated victory in the East led to significant shortages of labor for German war production, and beginning in 1942, prisoners of war in the eastern POW camps — primarily Soviets — were seen as a source of slave labor to keep Germany's wartime economy running.[28]

A grand total of 5.7 million Soviet soldiers were taken prisoner during the war, of whom at least 3.3 million (58 percent of the total) died in captivity

Many letters from Wehrmacht soldiers were published in 1941 and entitled "German Soldiers See the Soviet Union"; this publication includes authentic letters from soldiers on the Eastern front. To give an example of the intensive indoctrination "that transcends the mere results of military service" researchers Judith Levin and Daniel Uziel quote a German soldier writing:

"The German people is deeply indebted to the Fuehrer, because if these animals, our enemies here, had reached Germany, murders of a nature not yet witnessed in the world would have occurred.... No newspaper can describe what we have seen. It verges on the unbelievable, and even the Middle Ages do not compare with what has transpired here. Reading Der Stuermer and observing its photos give only a limited impression of what we have seen here and of the crimes committed here by the Jews."

Judith Levin and Daniel Uziel state that this type of writing and opinion was very common in correspondence left by German soldiers, especially on the Eastern Front[36].

Es logico que sobre el genocidio Sovietico no se hable, por que no puede existir ningun tipo de "simpatia" por el enemigo. ASi es como se escriben mares de tintas sobre cienciaficción y viejas violadas en Berlin, cuando millones de mujeres , niños y niñas sufrieron todo tipo de abusos de esas escorias.

Asi es como solo se habla del genocidio Judio , dandole bombo a mas no poder y se habla solo de acusaciones de toda indole a los sovieticos. Siempre recordar que el enemigo no puede verse con simpatia. Asi es como los medios criminales occidentales crean ignorancia y fabrican opiniones a reflejo de sus elites.

Hemos llegado ya a un extremo que incluso los NAZIs los pintan mejor a que a los Sovieticos, es algo bochornoso. Todas las vidas que se perdieron , todo lo que se sufrio y todo lo que salvo la gloriosa victoria Sovietica, el mundo nada mas y mada menos, y estas escorias pretenden manipular de esa manera. Es asqueroso oir hablar a un polaco pro ejemplo diciendo todo tipo de gilipolleces sobre los sovieticos cuando los NAZIs en 4 años extermianron a 1/3 de su población, estos no se hartan de competir a ver cual dice la gilipollez mas grande del mundo, que si los Soviets fueron peores y demas basura.

Siempre lo he dicho. Stalin tenia que haber firmado la paz y haber pasado de la SGM , justo cuando se quedo a puertas de Varsovia. Tenia que haber dejado a todo el resto del mundo a su suerte. Que se hubiesen jodido, judios , Polacos, subhumanos, yankes y Ingleses, a ver como se las hubiesen arreglado todos estos sinverguenzas.

Se llega ya a un nivel de desprecio a todas esas vidas y el sacrificio del pueblo sovietico que deberia de ser denunciable.
Es flipante. Escribo Genocidio Sovietico y nos aparece que si Golodomor y demas basura, y solo este foro y el de Accion COmunista, es tristisimo.

Claro que les viene muy bien meter todas las muertes sovieticas 27 millones ( o las que sean ) y pintarlas como muertes del ejercito lanzandose en masa sin armas ganando batallas por que los alemanes se cansan de disparar o se acaban muriendo de ahogarse con la sangre de los Bolches muertos.

La guerra total y de exterminio que se vivio en el este no se debe de olvidar jamás, y reseñar cada dia que a los NAZIs los subio la elite de la burguesia internacional por que Hitler se declaraba el "Cruzado contra el Bolchevismo" de Europa.

Lo que ya es demencial los NAZBOL estos o NAZIs en rusia, esos todos subhumanos deberian de acabar en siberia picando hielo. Es alucinante a lo que llega la estupidez humana , algo que cuesta realmente creer.

Es que veis las fotos y se nota el cerebro de los alemanes, ese fanatismo de sus ojos, realmente se les comio la cabeza de tal manera que se sentian superiores, era su derecho racial , evolutivo , mataban a judios y subhumanos eslavos como un pasatiempo, iban de caza al este ...

Por cierto, los planes NAZIs era de crear campos de exterminio en los Urales, y exterminar aproximadamente a 60 millones de eslavos, que eran los sobrantes , el resto tenerlos como animales esclavos para los colonos Alemanes.

EN fin, mala estrategia la de Stalin, tenia que haber dejado a todos esos Billy Joe, y Psheks (polacos) a su suerte para ver si tenian pelotas de quejarse, que hubiesen venido de rodillas a los rusos para que les liberasen.

Bueno, segun uno estudia mas la historia, se ve perfectamente que los Ingleses o Yankes se habrian aliado con los NAZIs al verse más cagados.

Los Polacos, en fin....seguramente habrian desaparecido de la faz de la tierra. Hay gente estupendisima , seguro....pero es que cada vez que un "intelectualoide" o "cultureta" que va de listillo , abre la boca para hablar de politica empieza a decir todo tipo de basura, ofensas y insultos de todo tipo. El victimismo unido a esa peste nacionalista y chovinista es bomitivo. hay que tatuarles Tuchola en la frente parece ser.

Se que la culpa es de las elites , de esa escoria nacionalista y pseudofascista que se escuda dentras de discursos de progre y banderitas nacionales, despues son la peor peste y negligencia para el pais que dicen defender.

20 millones de civiles, es algo inaudito, mujeres, niños, ancianos... Es la mitad de la poblacion española pasada a fuego, violada , fusilada, masacrada con el sadismo mas grande jamas visto ,en ......4 años.....( bueno las mayores represalias empezaron en el 42...)

Kozedub de casarusia

En unos cinco años de ocupación alemana, hay más de cinco millones de muertos en Polonia (los militares no llegan a 200 000). Es, de hecho, el país que sufre la mayor pérdida de población en términos porcentuales, en términos absolutos es superada por la URSS y China (que probablemente supere incluso a los soviéticos, claro que si un eslavo es un "infrahombre", a un chino ya ni lo contamos)

La "ocupación" soviética se prolonga durante más de medio siglo, y aún sumando las víctimas de Katyn, de los grupos armados nacionalistas y de las represalias de posguera, no llegamos ni a 50000 muertos. Así pues, si alguien dice que los soviéticos fueron peores que los nazis, pueden darse los siguientes supuestos:

A: No tiene ni idea de Historia.
B: No tiene ni idea de matemáticas.
C: No tiene ni idea de nada.
D: Miente deliberadamente.
E: Se cree sus propias mentiras.

Los dos primeros casos corresponden a un ignorante, el tercero a un analfabeto, en el caso del cuarto no voy a entrar en detalles por no mentarle a la madre, y el quinto o lleva puesta una camisa de fuerza o pertenece al gobierno polaco.

El problema es que los medios están atiborrados de elementos procedentes de los grupos "A" y "D". Y así nos va.

¿Sabías del genocidio nazi contra los soviéticos en1941/ 42?


Prisioneros de Guerra Soviéticos, 1941-42

En apenas ocho meses de 1941-42, la invasión de la armada germana mató un estimado de 2.8 millones de Prisioneros de Guerra Soviéticos por medio de la inanición, la exposición y ejecución sumarias. Este generocidio poco-sabido compite con el genocidio en Ruanda como el más concentrado asesinato masivo que ningún otro en la historia de la humanidad.

Los antecedentes

Las fuerzas nazis invadieron la Rusia Soviética el 22 de Junio de 1941, en la más grande operación militar que el mundo jamás hubo visto. La “Operación Barbarossa” de Hitler tenía como finalidad derrocar el régimen Comunista de José Stalin (véase el caso de estudio de Las Purgas de Stalin) e imponer un sistema brutal de esclavitud y explotación colonial de las masas Soviéticas. La armada soviética había sido diezmada por las purgas de la preguerra de sus soldados rasos y ellos se derrumbaron frente al asalto de los Nazis. En los primeros meses de la guerra, los Nazis encerraron tropas reclutas soviéticas en series de enormes encierros alrededor de Minsk, Smolensk, Bryansk y Kiev. A ese tiempo el invierno brutal de Rusia descendió, millones de PDG soviéticos murieron en cautiverio, encerrados detrás del alambre de púas sin protección de los elementos, siendo ejecutados en masa por la Armada Alemana (Wehrmacht), o siendo transportados a Alemania para la exterminación por cientos de miles.

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Invasion of Poland
See also: German AB-Aktion in Poland and Częstochowa massacre
AB-Aktion

A picture taken secretly by the Polish Underground of Nazi Secret Police rounding up Polish intelligentsia at Palmiry near Warsaw in 1940.
Location Palmiry Forest, and other locations in Occupied Poland.
Date Spring - summer 1940
Target Polish intellectuals and the upper classes.
Attack type Massacres
Weapon(s) Automatic weapons
Death(s) 7,000
Belligerent(s) Nazi Germany
Wehrmacht units killed thousands of Polish civilians during the September 1939 campaign through executions and the terror bombing of cities. After the end of hostilities, during the Wehrmacht's administration of Poland, which went on until October 25, 1939, 531 towns and villages were burned, and the Wehrmacht carried out 714 mass executions, alongside mass incidents of plunder, banditry and murder. Altogether, it is estimated that 16,376 Poles fell victim to those atrocities. Approximately 60% of these crimes were committed by the Wehrmacht.[3] Wehrmacht soldiers frequently engaged in massacres of Jews on their own rather than just assisting in the rounding up of Jews for the SS.[4] In the summer of 1940, Reinhard Heydrich, the chief of the Reich Main Security Office (including the Gestapo) noted that "compared to the crimes, robberies and excesses committed by the army (Wehrmacht), the SS and the police don't look all that bad".[5]
[edit]Polish POWs
See also: Massacre in Ciepielów
Numerous examples exist in which Polish soldiers were killed after capture, for instance at Śladów where 252 prisoners of war (POW)s were shot or drowned, at Ciepielów where some 300 POWs were killed, and at Zambrów where a further 300 POWs were killed. Polish POWs of Jewish origin were routinely selected and shot on the spot.[6] The prisoners of the POW camp in Żyrardów, captured after the Battle of the Bzura, were denied any food and starved for 10 days.[7] In many cases Polish POWs, once captured, were burned alive.[4][8] Units of the Polish 7th Infantry Division were massacred after being captured in several individual acts of revenge for their defence in combat. On September 11, Wehrmacht soldiers threw hand grenades into a school building where they kept Polish POWs.[4]
[edit]Mass rapes during invasion of Poland
Rapes were committed by Wehrmacht forces on women and girls during the Invasion of Poland.[4]
Rapes were also committed against Polish women and girls during mass executions carried out primarily by the Selbstschutz, which were accompanied by Wehrmacht soldiers and on territory under the administration of the German military; the rapes were carried-out before shooting female captives.[9]
Only one case of rape was prosecuted by German court during the military campaign in Poland, the case of mass rape by German soldiers committed by three soldiers against the Jewish family of Kaufmann in Busko-Zdrój; however the German judge sentenced the guilty for Rassenschande - shame against the [German] race as defined by racial policy of Nazi Germany and not rape.[10]
[edit]Destruction of Warsaw
See also: Battle of Warsaw (1939) and Warsaw Uprising


During World War II 85% of buildings in Warsaw were destroyed by German troops.
Up to 13,000 soldiers and between 120,000 and 200,000 civilians were killed by German-led forces during the Warsaw Uprising. At least 5,000 German regular soldiers assisted the SS in crushing the Polish resistance, most of them reserve units.[11] Human shields were used by German forces during the fighting

Mano de obra Polaca

Zivilarbeiter (German for civilian worker) refers primarily to Polish prisoners from the General Government (occupied Poland), used during WWII as forced laborers in Germany. Poles were conscripted on the basis of the Polish decrees (Polenerlasse).


German and Polish poster describing "Obligations of Polish workers in Germany" including death sentence to every man and woman from Poland for sex with a German
Polish workers were subject to discriminatory regulation (the Polish decrees). Compared to German workers of foreign workers from neutral or German allied countries, Polish Zivilarbeiters received lower wages and could not use public conveniences (such as public transport) or visit many public spaces and businesses (for example they could not attend a German church service, swimming pools or restaurant); they had to work longer hours than Germans; they received smaller food rations; they were subject to a curfew; they often were denied holidays and had to work seven days a week; could not enter a marriage without permission; possess money or objects of value. Bicycles, cameras and even lighters were forbidden. They were required to wear a sign - the „Polish-P“ - attached to their clothing.
In 1939 there were about 300,000 prisoners from Poland working in Germany;[1] Already in 1944 there were about 2,8 m Polish Zivilarbeiters in Germany (approximately 10% of Generalgouvernement workforce)[2] and a similar number of workers in this category from other countries.[1]
Poles from territories taken over after the German invasion of the Soviet Union and not included in the General Government were treated as OST-Arbeiters.[3]

Violaciones masivas
Véase también: Ocupación de Polonia (1939-1945)
Asimismo, las fuerzas de la Wehrmacht cometieron violaciones contra mujeres y adolescentes judías durante la invasión de Polonia.2 Las violaciones también se cometieron contra mujeres y adolescentes polacas durante las ejecuciones masivas llevadas a cabo principalmente por el grupo paramilitar Selbstschutz, que acompañaba a los soldados de la Wehrmacht en territorio bajo la administración de los militares alemanes. Estas violaciones se realizaron antes de disparar contra las mujeres cautivas.3
Miles de enfermeras y otras trabajadoras sanitarias rusas fueron víctimas de violaciones cuando fueron capturadas durante la guerra y, a menudo, fueron asesinadas después.4
La Wehrmacht también dirigía burdeles donde las mujeres eran forzadas a prostituirse. Ruth Seifert escribió que "en los territorios orientales, la Wehrmacht solía marcar a fuego los cuerpos de las partisanas capturadas y también a otras mujeres con las palabras 'Ramera para las tropas de Hitler' y usarlas según lo expresado"

visigodo escribió:Hay que ver la de barbaridades que sois capaces de decir por minuto.
"Camaradas", no poneis absolutamente nada de vuestra parte para que haya entendimiento.
Aparte de los insultos, propios de tercermundistas y barriobajeros, me "ahogais" con un aluvión de datos y preguntas retóricas.
¿Para qué me poneis tanto dato? yo os puedo poner al cambio datos que no os van a gustar, y sería el cuento de nunca acabar.
Yo en ideologías y política, he entendido que no tienes que dejar que esas ideologías te posean como un demonio en el cuerpo. En mi caso me dije hace tiempo, que el Nacionalsocialismo no es lo único que hay en el universo. ¿Sois vosotros capaces de ver algo así? ¿Algo más allá del comunismo? Con ese comportamiento tan sectario no creo.
Se ve que el sistema os tiene bien "adoctrinados".
He ahí lo que ha conseguido el mundo de la política, crear dos bandos contrarios. Vosotros y yo, siendo del mismo país y hablando la misma lengua, no tenfríamos porqué ser enemigos. Y de hecho era así hasta finales del siglo XIX. Aparecieron la izquierdas y la democracia y se crearon dos bandos. Pero yo, como Nacionalsocialista soy capaz de verlo, por eso no quiero buscar enemigos done no debería haberlos. ¿Lo entendeis?
Yo estoy intentando poner de mi parte, vosotros no haceis mas que cerrar la puerta y "disparar" antes de preguntar.
Dejad de insultar si sois capaces y preguntar ordenadamente.
Y que sepais que yo no os considero enemigos, los enemigos, nuestros enemigos "son otros".
Saludos.

La Operación Gladio fue ideada después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial por la CIA y el MI6, tenía como objetivo prepararse ante una eventual invasión soviética de Europa Occidental por medio de fuerzas armadas paramilitares secretas de élite dispuestas en diversos países capitalistas de democracia liberal o "burguesa". Éstos últimos poseían contingentes secretos, generalmente sin el conocimiento del gobierno correspondiente, aunque sí con su consentimiento. Muchos nazis derrotados tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial fueron miembros de Gladio, que aceptaba solamente a "gente segura", es decir, militantes nacional-socialistas alejados del conservadurismo moderado y de la izquierda; librándose también de esta manera de juicios de guerra y en muchos casos manteniendo un alto nivel de vida.


Actuaciones atribuidas a Gladio

Además de prepararse ante una posible invasión, estas fuerzas de retaguardia han sido utilizadas por la CIA para influir en la política de algunos de estos países. Un caso singular fue la implicación de Licio Gelli, jefe de la logia Propaganda Due (P2), Stefano Delle Chiaie también involucrado en la Operación Cóndor (más conocido como "Plan Cóndor"), o Vincenzo Vinciguerra en la "estrategia de la tensión" en Italia.

También en Italia, las masacres de Peteano (1972), de la Piazza Fontana (1969), de la estación de trenes de Bolonia (1980), y el golpe fallido "Golpe Borghese" (1970) han sido atribuidas a de Gladio. El asesinato del Primer Ministro Aldo Moro, llevado a cabo por las Brigadas Rojas (Brigate Rosse) en 1978, también se ha vinculado a la oposición de Gladio a su política de "compromiso histórico" (compromesso storico) entre el PCI de Enrico Berlinguer y la Democracia Cristiana. La investigación se tiñó de sospecha por la estrategia ocultista del Estado. De hecho, el juez Felice Casson manifestó que descubrió la existencia de Gladio leyendo las cartas que Aldo Moro mandó desde su lugar de detención. Un informe parlamentario de 2000 hecho por El Olivo concluía que: la estrategia de la tensión tenía como objetivo impedir al PCI, y en menor medida al PSI, acceder al poder ejecutivo.

En Grecia, las fuerzas de Gladio estuvieron involucrados en el denominado régimen de los coroneles que gobernó el país a partir del golpe de estado de 1967 y hasta 1974.

En Turquía, la Contraguerrilla (en inglés Counter Guerilla, literalmente "contra guerrillero"), nombre de la rama turca de Gladio, se relacionó con la masacre de la plaza de Taksim, en 1977 en Estambul, y también con el golpe militar de 1980.

En España, miembros de la rama italiana de la operación Gladio participaron en los crímenes de Montejurra durante la Transición. Estuvieron profundamente infiltrados en los mecanismos de la España franquista y del conjunto de la Transición.[5]

Igualmente algunos autores indican que el Caso Scala (montaje policial-judicial desatado contra las organizaciones anarquistas españolas) en enero de 1978, y varios atentados efectuados por los grupos ultraderechistas, fueron también apoyados, cuando no orquestados por "Gladio".

En Argentina, José López Rega, fundador de la Triple A, Raúl Alberto Lastiri y varios miembros de la junta militar de Jorge Rafael Videla eran miembros de P2, entre ellos, Emilio Eduardo Massera. Licio Gelli decía frecuentemente que tenía vínculos importantes con Argentina, especialmente con Juan Domingo Perón.

En Mozambique el jefe de la organización marxista FRELIMO (Frente de Liberación Mozambiqueño), Eduardo Mondlane, fue asesinado por Aginter Press, el brazo portugués de Gladio.

En Francia la Organisation de l'Armée Secrète (OAS) fue creada por miembros del equivalente local de Gladio.

En Bélgica las masacres de Brabante (en la década de 1980) fueron atribuidos al brazo belga de Gladio.

En la antigua Alemania Occidental (RFA) la red fue constituida primero por Reinhard Gehlen, que era jefe de los servicios secretos alemanes, ya anteriormente involucrado en ODESSA, la organización que proporcionaba refugio a nazis retirados. El acto terrorista del Oktoberfest, en 1980 en Múnich, fue protagonizado por agentes vinculados a Gladio.
[editar] Bibliografía

* Daniele Ganser, NATO's secret armies: Operation Gladio and terrorism in Western Europe, Cass, Londres, 2005, ISBN 0-7146-8500-3

Matanza de Bolonia


De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre



La estación de Bolonia tras el atentado. El reloj marca las 10:25, hora del atentado y momento en el que se paró. Hoy día, aún se conserva señalando esa hora.

La matanza de Bolonia (en italiano, strage di Bologna) tuvo lugar el sábado 2 de agosto de 1980. Se trata de uno de los actos terroristas más graves que haya sufrido Italia tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial, en el que murieron 85 personas y más de 200 resultaron heridas. La organización terrorista Ordine Nuovo fue acusada de ello, y dos agentes del servicio secreto italiano (SISMI) y el presidente de la Logia Masónica P2, Licio Gelli, fueron imputados por dificultar la investigación.

A las 10:25 explotó en la sala de espera de la estación de trenes de esta ciudad un artefacto colocado en una maleta abandonada. La detonación (producida por una mezcla de TNT y T4) se oyó en un radio de muchos kilómetros y destruyó gran parte de la estación embistiendo de lleno contra el tren Ancona-Chiasso estacionado en el primer andén.

Aquel día la estación estaba llena de turistas y de personas que iniciaban sus vacaciones o volvían de ellas. La ciudad – incrédula y no preparada para este tipo de sucesos – reaccionó con orgullo y rapidez: al no ser suficientes las ambulancias para transportar a los heridos a los hospitales de la ciudad, se emplearon también autobuses y taxis.
Contenido


Relación de víctimas

(Tras el nombre, figura la edad de cada víctima en el momento del atentado)
Placa conmemorativa de las víctimas de la matanza.

* Antonella Ceci, 19
* Angela Marino, 23
* Leo Luca Marino, 24
* Domenica Marino, 26
* Errica Frigerio, 57
* Vito Diomede Fresa, 62
* Cesare Francesco Diomede Fresa, 14
* Anna Maria Bosio, 28
* Carlo Mauri, 32
* Luca Mauri, 6
* Eckhardt Mader, 14
* Margret Rohrs, 39
* Kai Mader, 8
* Sonia Burri, 7
* Patrizia Messineo, 18
* Silvana Serravalli, 34
* Manuela Gallon, 11
* Natalia Agostini, 40
* Marina Antonella Trolese, 16
* Anna Maria Salvagnini, 51
* Roberto De Marchi, 21
* Elisabetta Manea , 60
* Eleonora Geraci, 46
* Vittorio Vaccaro, 24
* Velia Carli, 50
* Salvatore Lauro, 57
* Paolo Zecchi, 23
* Viviana Bugamelli, 23
* Catherine Helen Mitchell, 22



* John Andrew Kolpinski, 22
* Angela Fresu, 3
* Maria Fresu, 24
* Loredana Molina, 44
* Angelica Tarsi, 72
* Katia Bertasi, 34
* Mirella Fornasari, 36
* Euridia Bergianti, 49
* Nilla Natali, 25
* Franca Dall'Olio, 20
* Rita Verde, 23
* Flavia Casadei, 18
* Giuseppe Patruno, 18
* Rossella Marceddu, 19
* Davide Caprioli, 20
* Vito Ales, 20
* Iwao Sekiguchi, 20
* Brigitte Drouhard, 21
* Roberto Procelli, 21
* Mauro Alganon, 22
* Maria Angela Marangon, 22
* Verdiana Bivona, 22
* Francisco Gómez Martínez, 23
* Mauro Di Vittorio, 24
* Sergio Secci, 24
* Roberto Gaiola, 25
* Angelo Priore, 26
* Onofrio Zappalà, 27



* Pio Carmine Remollino, 31
* Gaetano Roda, 31
* Antonino Di Paola, 32
* Mirco Castellaro, 33
* Nazzareno Basso, 33
* Vincenzo Petteni, 34
* Salvatore Seminara, 34
* Carla Gozzi, 36
* Umberto Lugli, 38
* Fausto Venturi, 38
* Argeo Bonora, 42
* Francesco Betti, 44
* Mario Sica, 44
* Pier Francesco Laurenti, 44
* Paolino Bianchi, 50
* Vincenzina Sala, 50
* Berta Ebner, 50
* Vincenzo Lanconelli, 51
* Lina Ferretti, 53
* Romeo Ruozi, 54
* Amorveno Marzagalli, 54
* Antonio Francesco Lascala, 56
* Rosina Barbaro, 58
* Irene Breton, 61
* Pietro Galassi, 66
* Lidia Olla, 67
* Maria Idria Avati, 80
* Antonio Montanari, 86


La investigación

Inmediatamente después del atentado, el Gobierno presidido por Francesco Cossiga y las fuerzas de policía atribuyeron la explosión a causas fortuitas y, más tarde, la atribuyeron a las Brigadas Rojas.

Se evidenció que estas causas eran falsas y que sólo buscaban entorpecer las investigaciones. En años sucesivos, causó numerosas polémicas y aparecieron teorías conspiratorias relacionadas con la llamada estrategia de la tensión.

Lentamente y, gracias al impulso civil de la Asociación de familiares de víctimas de la matanza de la estación de Bolonia se llegó a una sentencia definitiva de casación el 23 de noviembre de 1995. Fueron condenados a cadena perpetua, como ejecutores del atentado, los terroristas neofascistas Valerio Fioravanti y Francesca Mambro, quienes siempre se han declarado inocentes. Otras muchas personas fueron condenadas a diversos años de cárcel debido a las pistas falsas que proporcionaron.

Los organizadores de la masacre nunca se han descubierto. Testificando más tarde en los juicios, el neofascista Vincenzo Vinciguerra (quien cumple cadena perpetua por el atentado de Peteano de 1972) declaró que una "estructura oculta", "dentro del Estado mismo" y vinculada con la OTAN, estaba dando una "dirección estratégica" a todos esos atentados. Esta organización se dio a conocer bajo el nombre de Gladio.[1]
[editar] Cine y literatura

La matanza de Bolonia forma parte del imaginario colectivo italiano y como tal ha sido evocada en numerosas obras cinematográficas y literarias. El cortometraje de Massimo Martelli Per non dimenticare (“Para no olvidar”, 1992) muestra la vida de diversas personas (interpretadas por actores famosos como Giuseppe Cederna, Massimo Dapporto, Giuliana De Sio, etc.) en la hora inmediatamente anterior a la matanza. El documental Il trentasette de Roberto Greco (“El treinta y siete”, 2005) contiene los testimonios de diversas personas que tomaron parte en las tareas de socorro. También ha sido recordada en la novela de Giancarlo De Cataldo Romanzo criminale (“Novela criminal”), así como en la homónima película de Michele Placido (2005). El trágico evento también fue recordado en la película Da zero a dieci (“De cero a diez”), en la cual Libero, uno de los cuatro protagonistas, revela que un amigo suyo perdió la vida al estar presente en la estación de Bolonia en el momento de la explosión.
[editar] Curiosidades
Agujero causado por la explosión.

El 2 de agosto está considerada como la jornada en memoria de todas las matanzas, y la ciudad de Bolonia junto con la Associazione tra i familiari delle vittime della strage alla stazione di Bologna del 2 de agosto de 1980 (“Asociación de familiares de las víctimas de la matanza en la estación de Bolonia del 2 de agosto de 1980”) organizan cada año un concurso internacional de composición musical y un concierto en la Piazza Maggiore (“Plaza Mayor").

Para recordar la matanza, la reconstrucción de la estación previó el mantenimiento del agujero en el muro causado por la explosión en la sala de espera: de hecho, la abertura hoy día sigue estando presente y visible, así como parte del suelo original. Además, el sector reconstruido presenta el enlucido externo liso y no “almohadillado” como en el resto del edificio, para que sea inmediatamente reconocible y más visible. Aparte, se ha mantenido intacto uno de los relojes que dan a la plaza situada frente a la estación, que se paró a las 10:25, hora del atentado, y que sigue marcando dicha hora.